Axios

President Trump informed the Senate on Monday that he ordered the military strikes against Iran's nuclear facilities under his constitutional authority and insisted that his actions were consistent with international law.

Why it matters: Trump is asserting his inherent presidential power. He isn't citing any existing authorization of the use of military force previously approved by Congress.

President Trump on Monday thanked Iran for giving "early notice" on its retaliatory missile attack, and called for ending the war between Israel and Iran.

Why it matters: Trump's comments on his Truth Social account came three hours after Iran targeted Al-Udeid Air Base in Qatar in retaliation for the unprecedented U.S. strike on its nuclear facilities this weekend.

Iran launched multiple missiles against an American military base in Qatar on Monday in retaliation for the U.S. strike on its nuclear facilities this weekend.

• No casualties were reported, and both Qatar and the Trump administration were made aware of the Iranian attack ahead of the time, sources tell Axios.

Why it matters: It's unclear if the attack on Al Udeid Air Base marked the full extent of Iran's retaliation. Three hours after the attack, President Trump issued a statement thanking Iran for giving "early notice" for what he called a "very weak" missile attack.

The Trump administration's decision to bomb Iranian nuclear facilities marked a dramatic new chapter in a decades-long tale of boiling tensions.

The big picture: It was the most direct and consequential U.S. military action against Iran since the Islamic Republic's founding more than four decades ago.

The conflict in Iran escalated Monday, after the country launched multiple missiles against an American military base in Qatar in retaliation for the U.S. strike on its nuclear facilities over the weekend.

The big picture: Although its government is facing immense pressure amid Israel's war against Iran — and despite decades of mass protests in Iran — there is currently no clear and organized opposition movement rising in the country.

The modest oil-market response in the wake of U.S. attacks against Iranian nuclear sites over the weekend is striking to at least one analyst.

Why it matters: "It's remarkable to have such a limited risk premium in the face of this uncertainty and potential for escalation," oil scholar Ben Cahill of the University of Texas-Austin told Axios via email.

Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-Ga.) sharply criticized the Trump administration for its attacks in Iran in an X post on Monday.

Why it matters: The backlash comes from a supporter and collaborator of President Trump, who is ramping up conflict in the Middle East.

Travel disruptions, cyber attacks, demonstrations and heightened security presence are likely following attacks on Iran, U.S. officials have warned.

The big picture: The weekend airstrikes on Iran's nuclear facilities by the U.S. — dubbed Operation Midnight Hammer — marked a historic escalation in the Middle East that Tehran has framed as a betrayal of diplomacy.

Crude oil prices jumped — but didn't head for the stratosphere — as trading markets opened for the first time since the U.S. attack on Iranian nuclear facilities.

Why it matters: It shows elevated risk of the conflict crimping oil flows in the region, something that has not yet occurred.

President Trump floated the possibility of "regime change" in Iran on Sunday in a post to his Truth Social account.

• "It's not politically correct to use the term, 'Regime Change' but if the current Iranian Regime is unable to MAKE IRAN GREAT AGAIN, why wouldn't there be a Regime change??? MIGA!!" the president wrote.

Why it matters: This is the first time Trump has raised the possibility of regime change in Iran since Israel launched its war ten days ago — and the U.S. joined with airstrikes targeting Iran's nuclear sites on Saturday.

President Trump told the world last Thursday that he would decide "within the next two weeks" whether to strike Iran.

• 48 hours later, B-2 stealth bombers were whizzing through Iranian airspace — undetected — on a mission to cripple the Islamic Republic's nuclear program.

Why it matters: Trump remained open to aborting the mission if a diplomatic window emerged. But his public countdown doubled as a smokescreen — concealing a strike plan that was already in motion, according to multiple officials.

At the request of the Trump administration, the Israeli Air Force took out multiple Iranian air defense systems in the 48 hours leading up to the U.S. strike on Iran's Fordow nuclear facility, three U.S. and Israeli officials told Axios.

Why it matters: Trump's historic decision to join Israel's war against Iran marked the culmination of months of intense — and at times strained — U.S.-Israeli coordination over Tehran's nuclear program.

Vice President Vance said Sunday that the United States doesn't plan to send ground troops into Iran and there is "no interest" in engaging in a "protracted conflict" with the nation.

The big picture: Vance and other Trump administration officials appeared on Sunday shows to praise President Trump's decision to carry out a series of airstrikes against three Iranian nuclear sites, while reassuring Americans that the mission — dubbed Operation Midnight Hammer — isn't the launching point for a wider conflict.

Iran's parliament has endorsed closing the Strait of Hormuz, a vital oil transit point off its coast, but analysts are skeptical about the threat from a body without authority to close the strait.

Why it matters: Impeding the strait would likely bring a massive spike in oil prices that would flow through to U.S. consumers.

A surprise U.S. military attack on Iranian nuclear facilities involved more than 125 aircraft and 75 precision-guided weapons.

• The operation, dubbed Midnight Hammer, produced the longest B-2 Spirit mission since 2001 and the first real-world use of 30,000 pound bunker-busting bombs.

Why it matters: The U.S. again finds itself fighting in the greater Middle East. This time, it's alongside Israel and against Iran.

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth told reporters the U.S. war against Iran is "not open-ended" and is "not about regime change," stressing that Saturday's U.S. military strikes were strictly targeted at Iran's nuclear program.

• Vice President Vance flatly denied that the U.S. is at war with Iran, telling NBC's "Meet the Press" instead: "We're at war with Iran's nuclear program."

Why it matters: President Trump and his top aides, including Hegseth and Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Gen. Dan Caine, have hailed the U.S. bombing of three Iranian nuclear sites as a "spectacular success."

The U.S. military conducted airstrikes on Iran's nuclear facilities in Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan on Sunday morning local time.

The big picture: In a historic address from the White House, President Trump called the operation a "spectacular military success" and claimed Iran's key uranium enrichment sites "have been completely and totally obliterated."

President Trump's MAGA movement appeared to largely coalesce late Saturday in supporting his decision to strike Iranian nuclear sites, despite its bitter infighting recently over the prospect of the U.S. intervening in the Israel-Iran war.

Why it matters: Skepticism of foreign entanglements is a foundational pillar of Trump's "America First" credo — but so is support for the president.

While most congressional Republicans and some pro-Israel Democrats are praising President Trump's strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities, pockets of opposition are already emerging in both parties.

Why it matters: The objections center on the argument that Trump needed congressional authorization for such a provocative use of military force, with one House Democrat pushing for a vote to restrict further unilateral action.