Axios

Police and protesters clashed near popular Paris tourist attractions Tuesday as tens of thousands of students and trade unionists marched across France to protest school funding and classroom conditions.

The big picture: The demonstrations, which began in France last month, are part of a broader wave of largely unconnected education protests across Europe over crowded classrooms, teacher shortages, university funding cuts and rising education costs.

Pope Leo has been diagnosed with lung cancer, the Vatican said Tuesday.

Why it matters: The Vatican disclosed the pontiff's health news just hours after he underwent surgery to remove the lower lobe of his right lung.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Trump last week discussed the possibility of launching a major new operation against Iran before the Israeli and U.S. elections, according to two U.S. officials, one Israeli official and a fourth source with knowledge of the matter.

• Netanyahu said during the call that he was concerned about Israeli intelligence indicating Iran was taking troubling steps to reconstitute its nuclear program, according to the Israeli official.
• The Israeli leader's call with Trump about the possible attack took place before Trump said he would not strike Iran ahead of the midterms.

Why it matters: Resuming major combat operations in Iran would inject a volatile new issue into the Oct. 27 Israeli elections and the U.S. midterms a week later.

President Trump's deal to lift sanctions on Russia to increase diesel supplies "is a betrayal of the people of Ukraine" and "a gift to our adversary," a bipartisan coalition of senators wrote in a letter admonishing the agreement.

Why it matters: The decision to turn to Vladimir Putin in an attempt to ease the diesel crunch is piling onto Republican headaches ahead of the midterms and fueling fresh friction between the U.S. and Ukraine.

Kimberly Guilfoyle, the U.S. ambassador to Greece, announced her resignation Tuesday, shortly after the White House asked her to step down and following reports alleging misconduct before and during her diplomatic posting.

Why it matters: The exit of the president's longtime political ally and former fiancée of his son Donald Trump Jr. follows a series of Wall Street Journal reports alleging she used her political connections to seek financial favors and promote private business interests.

Europe is testing a new response to China Shock 2.0, betting that it can confront Beijing's export juggernaut without resorting to President Trump's tariff-heavy approach.

Why it matters: More of the world is beginning to confront the threat that China's industrial overcapacity poses to their industries. But protecting individual sectors will not solve the bigger problem: China's factories are cranking out far more than its own economy can absorb.

Driving the news: The European Union and China struck a preliminary deal on Friday to sharply limit Chinese hybrid vehicle exports to Europe.

• The EU plans to initially cap Chinese hybrid and plug-in hybrid imports at 350,000 annually, potentially starting as early as December.
• The cap would more than halve projected Chinese hybrid shipments, which were on track to reach roughly 800,000 this year, an EU official told reporters.
• Imports totaled 302,000 in 2025. (Chinese officials Monday noted that the deal still allows its automakers to increase shipments from last year's levels.)
• Vehicles exceeding the quota would be blocked rather than face additional tariffs.

The backdrop: France and Germany last week proposed giving Brussels sweeping new powers to restrict market access over unfair trade practices, a striking shift for Germany, which opposed EU tariffs on Chinese EVs in 2024.

• European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen warned in her annual address last month that the bloc's trade deficit with China had reached a "tipping point."
• "Some say the second China shock is looming. But it's already here," von der Leyen said.

What they're saying: EU leaders are considering tougher powers to confront Chinese trade practices, including one resembling the authority Washington has used to impose sweeping tariffs on Chinese goods.

• The agreement could dampen momentum for harsher measures, making member states "hesitant this week to rock the boat," Daniel Mullaney, an Atlantic Council senior fellow and former U.S. trade official, tells Axios.
• Washington is pushing trading partners to join forces against China's industrial overcapacity.
• "It's really hard for any one country to make progress on that if you don't have allies on your side," Mullaney says.

By the numbers: Chinese automakers ramped up hybrid shipments to Europe after the EU imposed steep tariffs on fully electric vehicles in 2024.

• New data released yesterday shows that China's global passenger vehicle exports surged 64% in September, to 919,000, even as domestic sales fell 27%.

What to watch: Europe's deal could shift pressure to other industries — or perhaps even other nations — without addressing the underlying imbalances driving China's export boom.

• Economist Michael Pettis argued over the weekend that the agreement would do little for European manufacturing overall.
• "EU producers of hybrids will be better off, but at the expense of other EU manufacturers," he wrote on X.

The bottom line: Europe's deal may provide breathing room for its automakers. But China's industrial might — and the pressure it is inflicting on manufacturers around the world — is not going away.

International law enforcement agencies and major tech companies, including Meta, said Tuesday they disrupted online scam networks in West Africa, arresting 28 people and rescuing 117 trafficking victims.

Why it matters: Authorities have spent years targeting sprawling scam compounds in Southeast Asia. Now they're expanding those efforts to West Africa, where similar criminal networks are defrauding victims around the world.

President Trump is turning to Vladimir Putin to help ease a global diesel crunch, setting up a clash between Washington's energy priorities and its efforts to pressure Russia over its invasion of Ukraine.

Why it matters: The fuel shortage is among the most severe effects of the Iran war and Ukrainian strikes on Russian refineries.

The National Nuclear Security Administration recently conducted an underground explosive test in Nevada to better understand and potentially identify foreign nuclear detonations.

Why it matters: NNSA boss Brandon Williams previously told Axios that China is "clearly" conducting explosive nuclear testing and "trying to hide it," amplifying accusations made this year by State Department arms officials.

• Beijing has denied such a regime and accused the U.S. of stirring the pot.
• Both have signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Neither has ratified it.