Axios

Foreign actors last month breached two small Colorado water utilities and manipulated equipment used to control drinking water systems.

Why it matters: The attacks come amid heightened concern about foreign actors infiltrating U.S. water systems — including recent attacks linked to actors suspected of ties to Iran.

Central bankers around the globe are, metaphorically, holding hands and taking the leap toward higher interest rates together.

The big picture: Interest rate increases from the Bank of Japan on Friday, the Fed on Wednesday and the European Central Bank last week reflect the common global forces that are challenging the world's biggest advanced economies.

• Energy prices are marching upward, reflecting the disruptions from the Iran war, at a time inflation has already been elevated for years.
• Meanwhile, the global AI buildout and high borrowing by governments means that it may take higher rates to balance supply and demand for capital.

Driving the news: The Japanese central bank raised its target interest rate to 1.25%, from 1%, overnight U.S. time — still low by global standards but the highest in 31 years.

• Governor Kazuo Ueda told reporters that Japanese monetary policy "has shifted to a new stage," per Bloomberg's translation.

Zoom out: While each central bank is charged with setting policy based on what is best for its country's economy, there is a certain safety in numbers when the major banks move more or less together.

• In particular, joint action helps limit currency gyrations and disorderly flows of capital that can occur when one central bank zigs while others zag.

Zoom in: Each nation's central bank has its own remit, structure and economic circumstances. But top central bankers meet and discuss goings-on frequently.

• That includes bimonthly gatherings at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland; on the sidelines of international summits; and at conferences like those in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and Sintra, Portugal.
• There is frequent lower-level communication between staff of leading central banks. (Neil, for example, was once in the ECB cafeteria in Frankfurt awaiting an appointment and bumped into the then-New York Fed markets desk chief.)

State of play: In crises, these close ties can enable efficient coordination, such as the joint monetary easing announcement in 2008 and the use of international currency agreements to address financial freeze-ups.

• Even in non-crisis moments, though, the sense of economic interdependence can factor into decision-making.

The intrigue: Fed chairman Kevin Warsh seemingly went out of his way to mention this international dimension to monetary policy in his news conference Wednesday.

• "In my meetings these last few weeks — in Jackson Hole, in Asheville at the G-20 meeting, which the U.S. hosted, and at a central bank conference in Basel — it was evident that most advanced economies are facing price pressures," he said.
• He later added that "when the Federal Reserve makes a policy choice, it matters not just to the U.S. economy, but it spills over to the rest of the world."
• "When foreign central banks make decisions, where they're confronted with higher prices and they choose, consistent with their remit, to raise rates, then they're helping to quash inflation in their countries, and there's spillovers and spill-backs in both directions," Warsh said.

What they're saying: "As he pointed out, other central banks are facing similar inflation pressures as a result of higher oil prices, and some are raising rates," Bill English, a former top Fed economist now at the Yale School of Management, tells Axios.

• "It seems helpful to point out that the U.S. situation isn't unique and that others are doing similar things," English added. "That may help the public to understand what is going on (it's a global issue), and it may also be helpful politically (there is safety in numbers)."

Market watchers think the market should be able to continue to gain altitude despite a headwind from Federal Reserve interest rate hikes.

Why it matters: Rate-hiking cycles have sometimes undermined the market, leaving investors with ugly losses.

China's holdings of U.S. Treasury securities reached an 18-year low in July, new Treasury Department data shows.

Why it matters: It's not just China. Foreign governments are pulling back on buying Treasury securities, and hedge funds and other private investors are filling the void.

• That poses some risks to the ability of the U.S. to borrow money cheaply, as analysts say it could put upward pressure on borrowing costs.

The State Department announced Thursday it has approved the possible sale of 48 F-35 fighter jets to Saudi Arabia at an estimated cost of $24.3 billion.

Why it matters: The major arms deal has been in the works for more than a year. If it goes through, Saudi Arabia would be the only Arab country that uses F-35s.

Podcaster Joe Rogan says he has a "crazy hope" for AI: Turn government and foreign-policy functions over to it — potentially including decisions about military conflicts — in hopes of ending war.

The big picture: Rogan's comments land in the middle of an intensifying debate over how much control humans should surrender to increasingly powerful AI systems.

LOS ANGELES — Left-wing streamer Hasan Piker tells Axios he believes America conducts more terrorism in the world than al-Qaeda, the terror network that carried out the 9/11 attacks.

• "Pound for pound as far as the number of deaths, yes," Piker said in an exclusive interview for a new episode of "The Axios Show." Piker added: "We have caused tremendous terror all around the world."

Why it matters: Piker is one of the most popular streamers on Twitch, and his history of incendiary statements has become central to Republicans' attacks in the critical Senate race in Michigan since Democratic nominee Abdul El-Sayed had Piker campaign for him in the primary.

President Trump is expected to hold a meeting with Gulf leaders on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York next Tuesday to discuss the next steps in the war with Iran, three sources with direct knowledge tell Axios.

Why it matters: The meeting is expected to focus on U.S. ideas for a postwar strategy as Trump and his senior team work on a day-after plan expected to be finalized after the midterms.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen on Wednesday proposed making Canada the European Union's first "associate member."

Why it matters: Canada and the EU are testing whether a nation deeply dependent on the U.S. market can find economic independence by moving closer to Europe.

• This could also present one of the most permanent effects of President Trump's trade wars: U.S. allies building markets, supply chains and security ties designed to make them less vulnerable to Washington.

The House passed a sweeping Russia sanctions bill Thursday, sending the long-awaited legislation to President Trump's desk.

Why it matters: The measure would significantly expand economic pressure on Russia while handing Trump fresh authority to impose secondary tariffs of up to 100% on buyers of Russian oil and gas.