Axios

The University of Oklahoma Medical Center stopped some health services for trans youth under 18 after the governor signed a bill that would withhold federal funds if the state's flagship academic health system did not comply.

The big picture: Republican-led states have increasingly introduced and enacted legislation targeting transgender youth — even as medical associations have widely supported gender-affirming care.

About 90,000 lives would be saved and more than 936,000 hospitalizations could be prevented if 80% of Americans eligible for the latest COVID-19 boosters get vaccinated by year's end, according to a new paper from The Commonwealth Fund and Yale School of Public Health.

The big picture: Even matching 2020–2021 flu vaccine levels of closer to 50%–55% could save about 75,000 lives and prevent about 745,000 hospitalizations.

Nearly a third of Black Californians reported being treated unfairly in the health care system because of their race, according to a report from the California Health Care Foundation.

The big picture: The research — which also found more than 1 in 4 Black Californians avoided getting medical care due to worries about unfair or disrespectful treatment — shows the impact of racial disparities in the most highly populated state in the country.

Pharmaceutical companies are trying to defang the new drug pricing law without declaring open war on the same congressional Democrats who crafted it and will continue to have powerful sway over the industry's fortunes.

Why it matters: Most of pharma's options call for for strategic maneuvering rather than scorched-earth politicking — especially since the industry's wish list extends far beyond the recently enacted Medicare drug price negotiations.

Facebook's former chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg is donating $3 million to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) to fight abortion bans across the U.S.

Driving the news: The announcement, which comes a week after Sandberg left the company, will allow the ACLU to expand its reproductive rights operations, including efforts to educate voters on judicial candidates' abortion records, support ballot measures to safeguard access and oppose restrictions in Congress and state legislatures.

NIAID director Anthony Fauci said Tuesday that "we should not be surprised" if a new COVID-19 variant emerges this winter.

Driving the news: "We should anticipate that we very well may get another variant that would emerge that would elude the immune response that we've gotten from infection and/or from vaccination," Fauci said during an event with the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism.

Health providers in Arizona on Tuesday filed a lawsuit asking a state court to allow abortions in the state until 15 weeks.

Why it matters: Last month, a judge allowed for a pre-Roe, near-total abortion ban to take effect in Arizona, which also has a 15-week ban in the books. The plaintiffs in the case are now asking a state court to clarify which ban takes precedent for providers to follow.

States in the Southeastern U.S. have the highest percentage of adults with conditions that interfere with daily activities like dressing or getting around — and the fewest personal care aids per capita to help them, according to a study in Health Affairs.

Why it matters: There's already a well-documented dearth in the provider workforce, but the findings show how a geographic mismatch is leaving needs unmet — particularly in rural areas.

Long-term care and home health providers are ramping up pleas for financial relief in a year-end congressional spending deal, testing their influence against a other health interests trying to tuck favorable provisions in the must-pass bill.

Why it matters: The wrangling over health care "extenders" is an annual rite, but there are higher stakes this year due to labor and supply chain issues and the after effects of the pandemic.

• Nursing homes accounted for nearly one-quarter of COVID-19 related deaths in the U.S and were targeted for reforms in President Biden's State of the Union address. But the industry is a vital cog in the health care system, caring for more than 1.4 million residents, as well as discharged hospital patients.
• Demand for home and community-based care surged during the pandemic, but a severe shortage of workers is threatening the option, even for people who have the financial means, per the Washington Post. Almost 5 million patients received home health services in 2017, per the Centers for Disease Control.
• Big home health companies like Amedisys, LHC and Aveanna that were poised to benefit from a shift to more in-home care could be hit by a steep proposed Medicare payment cut for 2023.

Where things stand: Congress has punted key funding decisions to the "lame duck" session, and Democrats have resisted repurposing unspent COVID-19 funds from earlier relief packages.

• Nursing homes say there will be closures without reliable government funding as the industry grapples with negative margins and a median occupancy rate around 77%.
• The home health industry is weighing possible legal action to halt the cuts it's facing while also putting its hopes behind legislation from Sens. Susan Collins (R-Maine) and Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.) which would delay the reductions until 2026.

What they're saying: "We've seen from past rate reductions, reductions in access to care overall and the care people receive," Bill Dombi, president of the National Association of Home Care & Hospice, told Axios.

• "Our situation is much more exaggerated than other sectors in the space," Clif Porter, senior vice president of government relations at the American Health Care Association/National Center for Assisted Living, told Axios. "We've lost 14% of our workforce during COVID and we've had very marginal and slow recovery in that workforce. It's some of the lowest levels we've seen since the 1990s."

Yes, but: Nursing homes and home health agencies were overpaid by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services due to an unintended increase in payments to the industries stemming from the current reimbursement system.

• The agency then delayed adjustments due to the pandemic. Now, some of the adjustments are coming due.
• The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission backs payment reforms, saying the program has long overpaid for home health care. On nursing homes, it notes the combination of federal relief packages and recent changes that account for "case mix," or resources predicted to care for residents, have improved facilities' financial performance.

Go deeper: Medicare home health could potentially take a $810 million payment cut next year, which the industry says will force agencies to reduce their coverage areas or the volume of patient visits.

• Raymond James analyst Chris Meekins expects CMS to soften the blow when it issues a final rule, possibly next month. But the cuts could be taken off the table entirely if Collins and Stabenow insert their three-year payment delay in a year-end spending package.
• Nursing homes that would have lost $320 million under updated payment policies won concessions that will see reductions spread out over two years, along with a 2.7% pay bump for 2023.
• CMS said the decision amounted to "taking a more cautious approach in order to mitigate the potential negative impacts on the nursing home industry, such as facility closures or disproportionate impacts on rural and small facilities." Operators say it still doesn't match the increased costs they're facing.

What we're watching: Biden in his State of the Union called for "higher standards" for nursing homes, including minimum staffing requirements and financial incentives based on the quality of care delivered. Proposed rules could come next year.

• The industry is pushing back, saying a shortage of qualified workers and lack of funds to enforce a staffing mandate makes it unworkable. Industry-backed bills in the House and Senate would, among other things, extend pandemic-era staffing flexibilities and address workforce training and retention.

Keep in mind: Medicare only covers care services in nursing home facilities or at home for short-term recovery and discharge care. Long-term care must be paid for out-of-pocket or eventually by Medicaid.

• Experts say change is needed to the long-term payment system, and that at-home health can be more cost-effective than care offered in facilities.
• "We need to grow home and community-based care options while reimagining what a nursing home might look like," David Grabowski, a Harvard University health care policy professor, told Axios.
• While both home health and long-term care facilities are asking for more funding, Grabowski said the home health sector looks stronger, though he noted widespread nursing home closures haven't yet materialized.

The bottom line: With a pileup of health spending requests packed into a post-election session, the industries will be vying with doctors, hospitals and other provider groups for year-end gifts. "December is going to be a mess," said Meekins.

1. Health: New analysis supports Paxlovid use — WHO official: "Blood on your hands" if world stops tackling COVID.
2. Vaccines: Experts alarmed by COVID vaccination rates among America's youngest kids — Why we need to be talking about vaccines that offer "mucosal immunity".
3. States: New York City ends its vaccine mandate for private businesses.
4. Economy: Rural hospitals face funding cliff with $600 million on the line.
5. World: Pfizer to supply 6 million Paxlovid treatments to Global Fund.
6. Deep dive: The Long COVID crisis.
7. Variant tracker

Three major medical groups sent a letter to the Justice Department Monday asking it to investigate increasing threats of violence against children's hospitals and physicians that provide gender-affirming care to trans youth.

Why it matters: Several hospitals have scaled back services and ramped up security in recent months due to threats and harassment, as a wave of laws targeting transgender youth has entered several Republican states.