Gen Z is America's most diverse cohort yet — but they're united by deep anxieties about the world around them, Axios' Erica Pandey writes.

• Why it matters: A collision of political, economic and social trends has minted a generation in which huge numbers of people struggle to cope with the present and feel even worse about the future.

📉 By the numbers: Gen Z — people roughly between the ages of 12 and 27 —reports the poorest mental health of any generation, according to a recent Gallup and Walton Family Foundation report.

• Just 44% of Gen Zers say they feel prepared for the future.

🖼️ The big picture: They dodged familiar teen pitfalls — with lower teen pregnancy rates and lower rates of alcohol use. Instead, they're grappling with alarming rates of loneliness, depression and suicidal thoughts.

🔎 Zoom in: Partly by choice and partly out of necessity during the pandemic, Gen Z socializes online, rather than in person, far more than previous generations. That's not healthy, experts say.

• Spending time with people releases certain chemicals in the brain and boosts our mood. "Those things don't happen in the same way when you're texting," says Bonnie Nagel, a behavioral neuroscientist at Oregon Health & Science University.
• Alyssa Mancao, a therapist in Los Angeles, says her Gen Z client base is constantly comparing physical appearances or career paths with peers and influencers online. "There are a lot of feelings of inadequacy."

🌎 The state of the world also fuels Gen Z's pessimism.

• An ongoing study at Montclair State University finds that Gen Zers perceive the world as more dangerous than their older counterparts.
• They're more likely to feel anxiety about extreme weather, and active-shooter drills became the norm while they were in school.
• They're entering the workforce loaded with student debt, while the cost of housing and other basic needs continues to soar. And AI poses an existential threat to jobs and careers they've only just begun.

"Across the board, my Gen Z clients are overwhelmed with the uncertainty around unemployment and affordable living," says Erica Basso, a therapist with clients across California.

• "Unfortunately, most have had to rely on their parents for much longer than previous generations and still feel the pressure to hit major milestones like having kids or owning a home by their age, which is simply not realistic for many of my client's situations."

💡 Reality check: Despite their anxieties, Gen Z is heavily involved in social and political activism, and they're less emotionally repressed than past generations.

• "All of my Gen Z clients amaze me with their intelligence, their tolerance and their ability to stay true to their values," Basso says. "These characteristics, combined, can activate great change in the world."

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Meeting friends for dinner at 6 p.m., throwing on some jazz to relax and drifting off to sleep by 9 p.m. may sound like perfect weekend plans for grandma. But many in Gen Z are also embracing the early bird lifestyle, Axios' Sareen Habeshian writes.

• The big picture: Today's youth is surprisingly well-rested, as the big business of sleep and a culture that ditches late-night drinks in favor of shut-eye flourish.

👀 Zoom in: Americans between the ages of 15–34 have incrementally logged more sleep per night over the last decade, data from the American Time Use Survey shows.

• Rest is also popular on TikTok, with tutorials for the "sleepy girl mocktail" and viral ASMR sleep videos.

Meanwhile, 5 p.m. dinner reservations are en vogue — as are workout classes in the afternoon, rather than early morning — and old-school hobbies like listening to jazz are making a comeback.

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The oldest members of Gen Z were first eligible to vote in 2016, while millions more are eligible for the first time this year, Erica writes.

• In that time, they've only seen three presidential candidates — Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump and Joe Biden.

Why it matters: Young voters are stuck in a political Groundhog Day, and many are disillusioned by the lack of choice or younger candidates who reflect their views.

🧮 By the numbers: 58% of voters between the ages of 18 and 34 — Gen Z and younger millennials — aren't sure if they'll vote in November, according to a new Axios-Generation Lab poll.

• This comes after a banner year for youth turnout in 2020.

"I feel like there's not enough representation in both the Democratic and Republican parties," says Jadisha Proano, a 19-year-old student at Dickinson College who's not planning to vote.

• "I'd like to see younger people who are more in touch with the issues affecting the population of people who will be out of college soon."

💰 Zoom in: When presented with a long list of issues — abortion, climate change, guns, student debt, immigration — 39% of young voters cited the economy as their top priority.

Young women who increasingly identify as liberal are driving a stark political gender gap with their male counterparts, Axios' Noah Bressner writes.

• The gender gap first passed 10 points in 2017, when former President Trump took office and the #MeToo movement took off.

👓 What to watch: Gender polarization could have far-reaching consequences as politics becomes a bigger part of American life.

• Fewer young people are willing to be friends or date someone who doesn't share their politics.

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Gen Z largely entered the workforce when remote and hybrid work went mainstream, Axios' April Rubin writes.

• Why it matters: Early career professionals are hungry for mentorship and real connections (even friends) on top of flexibility and work-life balance. With Gen Z expected to overtake boomers in the workplace this year, those preferences are reshaping the modern workplace.

🧮 By the numbers: More than two-thirds of students said they were more likely to apply for a job with a flexible schedule, according to a Handshake report from September.

• 75% want hybrid work, while just 11% want to be fully in person and 14% want to be fully remote.
• Gen Zers were actually the least likely of all generations in the workplace to apply for remote roles, according to a 2023 LinkedIn analysis.

Gen Z applicants are also drawn to benefits like tuition repayment, retirement programs, mental health days and gym memberships, says Christine Cruzvergara, the chief education strategy officer at Handshake.

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When it comes to generative AI at school and work, Gen Z says: Bring it on, Axios' Jennifer A. Kingson writes.

Why it matters: While some workers are fearful or ambivalent about how ChatGPT, DALL-E and their ilk will affect their jobs, many college students and newly minted grads think it can give them a career edge.

• While most U.S. adults say AI's risks outweigh its benefits, 57% of Gen Z respondents and 62% of millennials said they were more excited about the upsides, according to a Mitre-Harris Poll.
• So-called "AI natives" who are studying the technology in school may have a leg up on older "digital natives" — the same way that digital native millennials smugly bested their "digital immigrant" elders.

⚡ Case in point: College students are piling into generative AI courses.

• A third of this year's seniors say they plan to use AI in their careers, per Handshake.

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For Gen Z, catching up on the news is often a side effect of time spent on social media apps like Instagram and, in particular, TikTok — and media outlets are adapting to serve that behavior, reports Kerry Flynn, co-author of Axios Pro: Media Deals.

Why it matters: "Gen Z is being fed the news whether they want it or not," Stephanie Kaplan Lewis, CEO of the college-aged media portfolio Her Campus Media, tells Axios.

• Multiple polls have found TikTok to be the top source of news for Gen Z.

🥊 Reality check: As with platforms like Facebook that drove news consumption for older generations, the rise of TikTok as a news source has led to concerns about misinformation.

• Keep reading.

Despite their wariness about the world and the preparation they've received to face it, 76% of Gen Zers say they believe "they have a great future ahead of them," April writes from Gallup data.

• Gen Z, which grew up with social media and global interconnectivity, is trying to shape the future they want to live in through activism on issues like climate, abortion, and racial and gender equality.
• Unlike their individualism-minded elders, this generation approaches change-making collectively.

They're also defying the pessimism of older generations about the future that awaits them.

• 82% believe they will achieve their goals, per the Gallup survey.

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