What's next for Juul after settlements

• Juul noted in an emailed statement Friday that the company "suspended all mass marketing of our product in 2019" and that its appeal against the Food and Drug Administration's plan to take its e-cigarettes off the shelves in the U.S. market remains ongoing.

By the numbers: Some 2.55 million U.S. middle (3.3%) and high school (14.1%) students used e-cigarettes last year, according to the latest available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

• Juul has settled cases with 48 states and territories, "providing over $1 billion to participating states to further combat underage use and develop cessation programs," per a statement from the e-cigarette maker announcing it's working with Minnesota to finalize the details of their agreement over the coming weeks.

Of note: Juul has "never admitted any wrongdoing," said Robert Jackler, a surgeon and Stanford professor whose research into the e-cigarette maker's marketing was used as a primary source in most of the U.S. litigation, in a phone interview Friday.

State of play: The e-cigarette maker exploded onto the market after launching in 2015 with sleek marketing campaigns for vaping devices and nicotine flavored pods. By 2018, it was raking in revenue of nearly $1 billion.

• Juul has denied that it deliberately tried to appeal to young people, but it later stopped selling certain flavored products in response to criticism from schools, parents and regulators who said these contributed to a spike in teen vaping.
• The company has since lost market share to the British American Tobacco-owned Vuse as its legal woes mounted, the New York Times notes.
• Juul announced in November it had secured enough new financing to avoid bankruptcy, but that it would have to lay off workers — reportedly some 400 employees, or roughly one-third of its global staff.
• Last month, Marlboro cigarettes maker Altria, which had invested heavily in Juul, announced it had exchanged its remaining minority stake "for a non-exclusive, irrevocable global license to certain of Juul's heated tobacco intellectual property."

What they're saying: Juul said in its statement Monday that it's "focused on our path forward to maximize the value and impact of our product technology and scientific foundation," which "has transitioned" over 2 million adult smokers from "combustible cigarettes."

• Juul proposed in its Premarket Tobacco Product Applications "a marketing plan narrowly tailored to adult smokers to reach our intended audience and limit underage exposure," which "specifically stated" would "avoid broad marketing channels, like social media, unlike competitors in the marketplace."

Yes, but: Jackler and Michelle Jongenelis, an associate professor at the University of Melbourne whose study published in February examined the impacts of e-cigarettes on youth in Australia, expressed skepticism at Juul's pledge.

• Jongenelis said in an emailed comment Monday that the tobacco and vaping industries "have always found loopholes" in marketing restrictions and other regulations.
• Jackler said Juul "set out claiming they were trying to improve the lives of a billion smokers around the world and instead, they addicted a whole generation of non-smoking to nicotine."

Meanwhile, Juul's pledge not to market to youth doesn't really matter as the company already went viral on social media in its earlier campaigns and became a "fad amongst teenagers," according to Jackler.

• "They had recruited an army of teenagers that basically became members of their marketing department," he said.

What we're watching: "The fact that in late 2022 JUUL's lead investors, who also serve as corporate directors, were willing to make a sizable cash infusion to help pay for JUUL’s litigation payments indicates that this savvy group of wealthy individuals foresee a promising path forward for JUUL in the nicotine delivery marketplace," said Jackler in an email on Monday night.

• "There can be little doubt that JUUL has been working on a business plan based on introducing novel nicotine delivery technologies, almost certainly ones which the company anticipates will circumvent its present regulatory limitations."