National

Today marks the 80th anniversary of the Day of Remembrance, when President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which led to the forced removal and mass incarceration of about 120,000 Japanese Americans into 10 incarceration camps.

Why it matters: To pass the time and ease the trauma of incarceration, people of all ages and genders played sports and organized fitness classes, participating in everything from football and baseball to weight lifting and ice skating.

Of note: Two temporary detention centers, Santa Anita (near Los Angeles) and Tanforan (near San Francisco), were former racetracks.

Families lived in converted horse stalls, as described by Gary Okihiro in "Impounded: Dorothea Lange and the Censored Images of Japanese American Internment."

At Santa Anita, they would joke darkly about living in barrack 28, units 24 and 25, where Seabiscuit used to live.

Girls playing volleyball at Manzanar incarceration camp. Photo: Ansel Adams for WRA via Library of Congress

An elderly man plays a game of Shogi, similar to chess, at Heart Mountain in January 1943. Photo: Tom Parker for WRA via National Archives

Kids ice skating at Heart Mountain in January 1943. The original caption describes the central boy as a “former Californian” on his third try learning the sport. Photo: Tom Parker for WRA via National Archives

Weight lifting class at Heart Mountain in September 1942. 250 students enrolled during its first week. Photo: Tom Parker for WRA via National Archives

Florence Kuwata practices with her batons at Manzanar. Photo: Ansel Adams for WRA via Library of Congress

A basketball game between the Heart Mountain and Powell High School girls' teams in March 1943. Heart Mountain won 32-24. Photo: Hikaru Iwasaki for WRA via National Archives

Baseball players huddle at Manzanar in July 1942. The original caption notes “baseball is very popular with 80 teams having been formed to date.” Photo: Dorothea Lange for WRA via National Archives

A wrestling tournament on Thanksgiving Day, 1942, at the Gila River incarceration camp in Rivers, Ariz. Photo: Francis Stewart for WRA via National Archives

A former tournament runner-up in California practices his swing at Topaz detention center in Utah in October 1942. Photo: Tom Parker for WRA via National Archives

Girls stretching in the Heart Mountain gym in November 1943. Photo: Hikaru Iwasaki for WRA via National Archives

Henry Yamashiro watches Tad Horita pitch a game of horseshoes at Topaz in March 1943. Photo: Francis Stewart for WRA via National Archives

Judo classes were held every afternoon and evening at Rohwer incarceration camp in McGehee, Ark. Photo:  Tom Parker for WRA via National Archives 

Fifth and sixth graders exercising on the elementary school grounds at Jerome incarceration camp in Dermott, Ark. Photo: National Archives

In photos: Sports and Japanese American incarceration camps

To pass the time and ease the trauma of incarceration, people of all ages played sports and organized fitness classes.

Tosh Asano runs out of bounds during a football game at Heart Mountain prison camp in Wyoming, November 1943. Photo: Hikaru Iwasaki for War Relocation Authority via National Archives

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Today marks the 80th anniversary of the Day of Remembrance, when President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which led to the forced removal and mass incarceration of about <a class="gtmContentClick" data-vars-link-text="120,000 Japanese Americans" data-vars-click-url="https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/japanese-american-incarceration" data-vars-content-id="3e6ad33e-bca1-4ee0-9478-eb10b76b08a9" data-vars-headline="In photos: Sports and Japanese American incarceration camps" data-vars-event-category="story" data-vars-sub-category="story" data-vars-item="in_content_link" href="https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/japanese-american-incarceration" target="_blank">120,000 Japanese Americans</a> into 10 incarceration camps.Why it matters: To pass the time and ease the trauma of incarceration, people of all ages and genders played sports and organized fitness classes, participating in everything from <a class="gtmContentClick" data-vars-link-text="football" data-vars-click-url="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jan/27/japanese-american-internment-second-world-way-high-school-football-team" data-vars-content-id="3e6ad33e-bca1-4ee0-9478-eb10b76b08a9" data-vars-headline="In photos: Sports and Japanese American incarceration camps" data-vars-event-category="story" data-vars-sub-category="story" data-vars-item="in_content_link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jan/27/japanese-american-internment-second-world-way-high-school-football-team" target="_blank">football</a> and <a class="gtmContentClick" data-vars-link-text="baseball" data-vars-click-url="https://globalsportmatters.com/culture/2019/02/20/americas-pastime-helped-interned-japanese-americans-pass-the-time/" data-vars-content-id="3e6ad33e-bca1-4ee0-9478-eb10b76b08a9" data-vars-headline="In photos: Sports and Japanese American incarceration camps" data-vars-event-category="story" data-vars-sub-category="story" data-vars-item="in_content_link" href="https://globalsportmatters.com/culture/2019/02/20/americas-pastime-helped-interned-japanese-americans-pass-the-time/" target="_blank">baseball</a> to weight lifting and ice skating.

Shifts in technology and media are changing the way we play, watch and understand sports. Business models are adapting and social change is forcing those in charge of teams and leagues to reconsider decades-old practices.

New York City delivery workers who call themselves "Los deliveristas" celebrated new protections and benefits last month, the latest development in the long history of Latinos in workers' rights movements.

Why it matters: Hispanics make up 18% of the US labor force, but are overrepresented as workers in food service (27%), cleaning and maintenance (37%), and farming (43%), occupations where workers have been protesting and striking since the pandemic’s onset — and for decades.

A person wearing a safety vest and face mask points a finger while holding an American flag.

A fruit packing worker demonstrates in Naches, Wash., on May 16, 2020, joining striking workers from at least six local fruit packing facilities. Photo: David Ryder/Getty Images

People wearing purple tshirts and red hats link arms at the front of a crowd.

More than 1,000 janitors with the Service Employees International Union march ahead of a potential strike on Sept. 1, 2021, in Los Angeles. Photo: Frederic J. Brown/AFP via Getty Images

A person wears a face mask that reads: “#On Strike”.

A demonstrator protests McDonald's workplace conditions on Oct. 26, 2021 in Chicago. Photo: Scott Olson/Getty Images

People lie on their backs on the grass, with paper signs covering their bodies.

Unemployed hospitality and service workers hold a die-in in Miami Beach on May 22, 2020, demanding Gov. Ron DeSantis fix the unemployment system and send out their benefits. Photo: Joe Raedle/Getty Images

A woman holds a sign that reads "Please do not patronize."

Kim Cordova, president of United Food and Commercial Workers Local 7 and one of few Latinas in US union leadership positions, leads the rally during the strike against King Soopers in Glendale, Colo. on Jan. 13. Photo: Hyoung Chang/MediaNews Group/The Denver Post via Getty Images

A person smiles while wearing a feathered headdress.

Members of Grupo Tolteca Chichimeca, a Mexican indigenous-inspired group, join a march of excluded workers on Dec. 10, 2021 in New York City to demand Gov. Kathy Hochul increase the Excluded Workers Fund by $3 billion. Photo: Spencer Platt/Getty Images

People dressed in hotel and restaurant uniforms march down the Las Vegas Strip at sunset.

Union members and supporters march along the Strip during a Culinary Union “We Will Come Back Stronger!” rally in Las Vegas on Sept. 24, 2021. Photo: Bridget Bennett/Bloomberg via Getty Images

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In photos: Latino labor battles

Latinos have a long history of workers' rights movements.

A delivery worker raises their fist in the middle of a street.

A demonstrator raises a fist during a march for food delivery workers’ rights in New York on April 21, 2021. Photo: Paul Frangipane/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Hispanic and Latino Americans

Jobs

New York City delivery workers who call themselves &quot;Los deliveristas&quot; <a class="gtmContentClick" data-vars-link-text="celebrated" data-vars-click-url="https://www.thecity.nyc/work/2022/1/23/22898143/delivery-workers-restroom-access-aoc-schumer" data-vars-content-id="a1765226-b20e-4e80-8d45-c731c9489fb3" data-vars-headline="In photos: Latino labor battles" data-vars-event-category="story" data-vars-sub-category="story" data-vars-item="in_content_link" href="https://www.thecity.nyc/work/2022/1/23/22898143/delivery-workers-restroom-access-aoc-schumer" target="_blank">celebrated</a> new protections and benefits last month, the latest development in the long history of Latinos in workers&#x27; rights movements.Why it matters: Hispanics make up 18% of the US labor force, <a class="gtmContentClick" data-vars-link-text="but are overrepresented" data-vars-click-url="https://blog.dol.gov/2021/09/15/hispanics-in-the-labor-force-5-facts" data-vars-content-id="a1765226-b20e-4e80-8d45-c731c9489fb3" data-vars-headline="In photos: Latino labor battles" data-vars-event-category="story" data-vars-sub-category="story" data-vars-item="in_content_link" href="https://blog.dol.gov/2021/09/15/hispanics-in-the-labor-force-5-facts" target="_blank">but are overrepresented</a> as workers in food service (27%), cleaning and maintenance (37%), and farming (43%), occupations where workers have been protesting and striking since the pandemic’s onset — and for <a class="gtmContentClick" data-vars-link-text="decades" data-vars-click-url="https://www.history.com/news/latino-labor-movement-strikes-cesar-chavez" data-vars-content-id="a1765226-b20e-4e80-8d45-c731c9489fb3" data-vars-headline="In photos: Latino labor battles" data-vars-event-category="story" data-vars-sub-category="story" data-vars-item="in_content_link" href="https://www.history.com/news/latino-labor-movement-strikes-cesar-chavez" target="_blank">decades</a>.

After a record economic expansion, the coronavirus pandemic sent the U.S. economy into a recession as unemployment soared to staggering heights. The country now faces urgent questions about how much stimulus is needed for reeling consumers and businesses, and what a recovery might look like.

Economy & Business

Axios Finish Line

More and more brands are giving their customers a heads up and the chance to opt out of marketing emails ahead of holidays like Valentine's Day.

Why it matters:  Advertisements and promotions around holidays — particularly ones that celebrate relationships — can cause anxiety and depression. And we're bombarded with them: Overall, we've gone from being exposed to around 500 ads a day in the 1970s to around 5,000 a day now.  

A growing number of retailers, florists, media companies and more are taking a thoughtful approach to marketing, trying not to inundate their customers with ads that'll hurt them.

Etsy lets people opt out of Valentine's Day emails and offers as well as marketing around Mother's Day and Father's Day. The feature was created in 2021, Etsy tells Axios.

Parachute, the bedding and home goods company, has the same opt-out feature for Mother's Day and Father's Day, Fortune reports.

In 2019, British florist Bloom & Wild gave their customers the ability to opt out of Mother’s Day emails and invited other businesses to follow suit. 

Since then, more than 150 brands have joined Bloom & Wild’s “Thoughtful Marketing Movement” including The Telegraph, stationery company Paperchase and restaurant chain Wagamama.

The big picture: When brands do this, they appear empathetic, says Susan Dobscha, a marketing professor at Bentley University.

"The new buzzword now is sincerity," she says. "Does a business appear sincere?"

Offering consumers the option to opt-out also builds trust, says Dobscha. "Consumers feel more in control."

All this is becoming even more important for businesses as trust in leaders and institutions craters.

What to watch: Look for even more brands to collect insights on which holidays their customers celebrate — just like they keep track of demographic and geographic data — and use those insights to target their marketing.

For example, Valentine's Day celebrations have steadily declined over the past decade in the U.S., with only 52% of respondents planning on observing the holiday in 2021, down from 63% in 2009.

Brands let customers opt out of Valentine's Day deluge

We've gone from being exposed to around 500 ads a day in the 1970s to around 5,000 a day now.

Illustration of a candy heart with the words “Be Mine” getting deleted.

Marketing

Retail

More and more brands are giving their customers a heads up and the chance to opt out of marketing emails ahead of holidays like Valentine&#x27;s Day.Why it matters: Advertisements and promotions around holidays — particularly ones that celebrate relationships — can cause anxiety and depression. And we&#x27;re bombarded with them: Overall, we&#x27;ve gone from being exposed to around 500 ads a day in the 1970s to around <a class="gtmContentClick" data-vars-link-text="5,000 a day now" data-vars-click-url="https://appliedpsychologydegree.usc.edu/blog/thinking-vs-feeling-the-psychology-of-advertising/" data-vars-content-id="a7ba7956-7d80-479a-974c-3d15aaae9a82" data-vars-headline="Brands let customers opt out of Valentine&#x27;s Day deluge" data-vars-event-category="story" data-vars-sub-category="story" data-vars-item="in_content_link" href="https://appliedpsychologydegree.usc.edu/blog/thinking-vs-feeling-the-psychology-of-advertising/" target="_blank">5,000 a day now</a>.

Data: Poore and Nemecek (2018), FDA, UN's IPCC. Note: Dairy cattle is beef from dairy cattle. Chart: Shoshana Gordon and Thomas Oide/Axios

Climate change is ratcheting up pressure to alter how we grow and consume food,

Threat level: Our food chain generates a large chunk of greenhouse gas emissions annually, mainly from animal products, climate scientists point out.

Details: The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says 21%–37% of global GHG emissions may come from food, while a study by Joseph Poore of the University of Oxford points out that food from beef cattle has the largest carbon footprint per typical serving.

America alone — with more than 330 million people — may consume over 100 kilograms of meat products per capita in 2021, the OECD estimates.

Plus, there's growing concern that emissions calculations such as these may be vastly underestimated.

Between the lines: While what we eat may affect global warming, climate change itself has an impact on food systems. 

It can cause droughts or floods and alter the nutrition of particular crops, making for a more unstable food supply that's vulnerable to price spikes and shortages.

Your burger is heating Earth

The food supply chain generates 21%–37% of greenhouse gas emissions annually, a report says.

Visuals Deep Dive 2021

Climate change

Climate change is ratcheting up pressure to alter how we grow and consume food,Threat level: Our food chain generates a large chunk of greenhouse gas emissions annually, mainly from animal products, climate scientists point out.

Ominous forecasts about the impact of climate change serve as the backdrop for the world — led by U.S. lawmakers and companies — to debate big action on the problem, which could upend energy systems and our way of life.

Energy & Environment

Eighty years ago today, then-President Franklin Roosevelt signed the executive order that led to the forced removal and mass incarceration of about 120,000 Japanese Americans into 10 American internment camps.

Why it matters: Powerful archival photos of the mass incarceration provide a vivid reminder of how badly the U.S. government mistreated Japanese Americans. 

Survivors and activists have also pushed Congress to help preserve this history by designating one of the former prisons — Amache, in Granada, Colorado — as a national memorial.

Two men play a game with suitcases in the foreground.

San Francisco, April 25, 1942. Two friends play a final game, awaiting their forced removal to an internment camp.  Photo: Dorothea Lange for War Relocation Authority (WRA) via National Archives

"I am an American" sign in a shop window.

This sign was placed in an Oakland store window on Dec. 8, 1941, the day after Pearl Harbor. Japanese Americans could only bring what they could carry to the camps, leaving behind countless businesses, homes and community ties. Photo: Dorothea Lange for WRA via Library of Congress

A woman sits on the stoop rearranging flowers.

Arranging flowers for the last day of service at Japanese Independent Congregational Church on April 26, 1942. Photo: Dorothea Lange for WRA via National Archives

Some people were given only six days notice to pack up their belongings and leave their homes and communities.

Crowd of people with luggage trying to board trains.

Los Angeles, April 1942. Families prepare to board trains to the Manzanar detention center, 250 miles away. Photo: HUM Images/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

A woman stands with her luggage in front of signs with lists of names.

Centerville, Calif. on May 5, 1942. A woman waits for the bus to the detention center. Photo: Dorothea Lange for WRA via National Archives

The War Relocation Authority (WRA) hired acclaimed photographers, including Dorothea Lange and Ansel Adams, to document the incarceration, though many of Lange’s photos were censored by the U.S. army and held until after the war. 

San Pedro, Calif., in April 1942. The last Redondo Beach residents leave for internment camps. Photo: Library of Congress

People line up for the mess hall at the Tanforan temporary detention center, a former racetrack in San Bruno, Calif. Photo: Dorothea Lange for WRA via National Archives

Horse stalls converted into family housing at Tanforan. Photo: Dorothea Lange for WRA via National Archives

The WRA forbade photographers from making images of soldiers, guard towers or barbed wire, but a few photos of the camps’ military presence exist. 

Military police on duty in a watch-tower at the Santa Anita temporary detention center in Arcadia, Calif. Photo: Clem Albers for WRA via National Archives

Prisoners make camouflage nets for the War Department at  Manzanar, one of several War and Navy Department projects carried out at detention centers. Photo: Dorothea Lange for WRA via National Archives

Children who grew up or were born in the internment camps — the last people who witnessed the incarceration first-hand — are now elders or have passed away.

Grandfather teaches his grandson to walk.

A grandfather teaches his grandson to walk at Manzanar. Photo: Dorothea Lange for WRA via National Archives

Kids wait in line as an adult man checks their paperwork.

Families wait in line to finally leave the Gila River prison camp as an officer checks the departure list, in Rivers, Ariz. in Sept. 1945. Photo: Hikaru Iwasaki for WRA via National Archives

When President Roosevelt rescinded Executive Order 9066 in December 1944, the WRA began the long process of shutting down the camps. 

After decades of organizing by survivors and their families, Congress passed the Civil Liberties Act in 1988, which gave surviving internees $20,000 and a presidential apology as reparations for the wrongful incarceration — though many elders had died by then. 

Editor's note: A caption in this story has been corrected to show the date the sign was placed in the window was Dec. 8, 1941, not 1942. 

In photos: Japanese American incarceration

FDR authorized the internment 80 years ago today.

A family of three sits in front of the American flag

The Hirano family with a photo of their oldest son Shigera Hirano, a U.S. Army sergeant in the segregated 442nd Regimental Combat Team.  As he served overseas, his family were prisoners at the Colorado River internment camp. Photo: National Archives

Asian Americans

Eighty years ago today, then-President Franklin Roosevelt signed the executive order that led to the forced removal and mass incarceration of about <a class="gtmContentClick" data-vars-link-text="120,000 Japanese Americans" data-vars-click-url="https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/japanese-american-incarceration" data-vars-content-id="fe37b7df-9ae6-4e7b-baf7-b1d80c962c4a" data-vars-headline="In photos: Japanese American incarceration" data-vars-event-category="story" data-vars-sub-category="story" data-vars-item="in_content_link" href="https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/japanese-american-incarceration" target="_blank">120,000 Japanese Americans</a> into 10 American internment camps.Why it matters: Powerful archival photos of the mass incarceration provide a vivid reminder of how badly the U.S. government mistreated Japanese Americans.

President Biden has made the COVID-19 crisis and a post-Trump return to national unity and traditional democratic ideals his top priorities. From vaccinations to stimulus to schools, Biden is seeking bipartisan compromise while showing a willingness to use executive authority and bare Democratic majorities in the U.S. House and Senate to implement his policies. Republican leaders are navigating deep party divisions over if and how to move beyond former President Trump.

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In photos: Sports and Japanese American incarceration camps

In photos: Japanese American incarceration

In photos: Latino labor battles

Brands let customers opt out of Valentine's Day deluge

Your burger is heating Earth