National

An Indigenous advocacy group has launched a video campaign to raise awareness of the diversity of Native people, including U.S. Latinos with Indigenous roots.

The big picture: According to the latest U.S. census, the number of U.S. Latinos identifying as multiracial soared during the last decade. Latinos who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native jumped 115%.  

Details: Just before Thanksgiving, IllumiNative launched Good Relatives, an online campaign exploring "the diversity, beauty, and resiliency of Native peoples in the 21st century." 

What they're saying: "The goal of this campaign is to really explore who native peoples are today, which means we're a very diverse population," Crystal Echo Hawk, founder and executive director of IllumiNative, told Axios.

"What so many people don't understand is for the Latino population south of the border, so many of those people have roots in their own Indigenous nations."

Echo Hawk said videos of Latinos' Indigenous links, as well as those on Black Americans and Asian Americans, will be released online next year. 

Zoom out: The campaign comes amid a debate among Indigenous people on who can claim to be Native American. 

Some activists and academics have sought to out "pretendians" (short for "pretend Indians") while others say online shaming misrepresents the complexities of the Indigenous experience. 

By the numbers: The number of people who identify as Native American or Alaska Native alone grew by about 27% to 3.7 million people over the last decade, according to the U.S. Census.

The Native American population is now the largest it has been in modern U.S. history, also according to the census.

What we're watching: The Good Relatives campaign also comes as other Indigenous associations and artists are starting their own efforts to improve knowledge about Native Americans. 

Comedy Central writer Joey Clift, a member of the Cowlitz Tribe, recently released a humorous digital short, "Six things you didn't learn about Native American people in high school," to counter stereotypes. 

Clift said other videos are in the works. 

 Subscribe to Axios Latino to get vital news about Latinos and Latin America, delivered to your inbox on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

Campaign aims to explore Latinos' Indigenous roots

The number of Latinos who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native jumped 115% in the last U.S. Census.

Young Totonac natives attend a training session for ""Danza de los Voladores" at Papantla Indigenous Arts Centre, ahead of the Tajin Summit Festival -aimed at preserving the Totonac legacy- in Mexico.

Young Totonac natives attend a training session for "Danza de los Voladores" in Mexico.  Photo: Rodrigo Arangua/AFP via Getty Images

Hispanic and Latino Americans

Latin America and Latinos

China is becoming the most formidable rival America has faced, and the risk of confrontation with Russia, North Korea or Iran still looms. Authoritarians are rising, the chaotic Afghanistan exit revealed the limits of U.S. power, and the pandemic, climate change and other critical challenges continue to pose grave threats.

World

Indigenous artisans took part in a series of fashion shows in Mexico recently to show off their designs and raise awareness of what they've denounced as plagiarism and cultural appropriation by major designer brands.

Why it matters: Millions of Indigenous peoples try to make a living and maintain their heritage by selling crafts and weaving designs but rarely see the profits, according to a recent report from the UN's Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.

That's partly because there isn't a global patent standard for such works, and intellectual property laws in some countries can be confusing, lawyers say.

So Indigenous folk artists sometimes accept haggled prices for fear of not selling — with losses up to 30%, studies show — or their designs are simply stolen, with the artists receiving no credit or compensation.

Details: The Original fashion week in Mexico last month included Indigenous designers from Latin America and Africa, fair price sale stalls, conferences and catwalks.

It was partly organized by Mexico's Culture Ministry, which also runs campaigns to prevent unauthorized profiteering from historical Mesoamerican artifacts.

State of play: Several big brands have been accused of unauthorized use of native designs from Mexico, Guatemala and Andean nations in recent years. 

The fashion houses usually respond that their garments were inspired by the works and serve as homage.

Last month, Ralph Lauren apologized for selling an item denounced as ripping off zarapes from communities in northern Mexico. It said products with "Indigenous design motifs" would in the future require "credit and collaboration."

What they're saying: "There needs to be more ethical behavior in the fashion industry," Alejandra Frausto, secretary of culture for Mexico, told Noticias Telemundo. 

Indigenous creators use fashion event to critique big brands

Millions of Indigenous peoples try to make a living by selling crafts and designs but rarely see the profits.

A model walks through a Mexico City fashion show, holding a dress with Indigenous design with both hands

 A model walks the runway during the Original fashion week in Mexico City last month. Photo: Rodrigo Oropeza/AFP via Getty Images  

Fashion

Axios World

The government and opposition of crisis-battered Venezuela have agreed to set up a UN-backed humanitarian fund, but much will depend on how they follow up or reach additional agreements.

Why it matters: The lives of millions of Venezuelans remain at stake as they face deep poverty and food insecurity amid the political turmoil.

Catch up quick: The U.S. and other governments have recognized opposition leader Juan Guaidó as Venezuela's legitimate president since 2019, meaning he has control of international bank accounts. 

Political instability combined with years of budget mismanagement, economic sanctions from Western powers and sky-high inflation have deepened hunger and poverty crises in Venezuela, prompting mass migration, including to the U.S.   

Driving the news: Representatives of the Maduro government and the opposition, a coalition known as the Unitary Platform, agreed during renewed negotiations in Mexico City last weekend to set up a UN-backed fund with nearly $3 billion of Venezuela's frozen international assets for humanitarian aid.

That same day, the U.S., though not a direct participant in the talks, partly eased its oil sanctions on Maduro's government.

A White House official who agreed to speak on condition of anonymity tells Axios the U.S. has made clear to the regime that more sanctions relief will happen only if Maduro's team remains in the negotiations and they reach concrete outcomes.

Yes, but: The agreement only scratches the surface of the items on the Venezuelan agenda, and there isn't yet evidence that the Maduro side will yield on other substantial matters.

The sides still need to discuss thorny issues like the 2024 presidential election (Maduro has said he's running). 

There isn't even a set date for the next round of negotiations between the parties in Mexico. 

What they're saying: "There have been many negotiations before, but they usually fall apart with nothing to show for them or with spoken promises that end up unfulfilled," says Phil Gunson, Caracas-based senior analyst at the International Crisis Group.

Carrying out the agreement will be another matter entirely, Gunson says, as the assets have to be unfrozen (a lengthy process), the UN must figure out how to set up the fund and decisions on how exactly to spend the money must be made.

Between the lines: Both sides had reasons to seek an agreement this time as political winds have shifted in Maduro's favor, Gunson says. 

World governments are "growing tired of neither being able to deal with a 'legitimate government' that doesn't actually govern nor having full relations with the guy actually in the presidential palace," Gunson says.

Newly-elected leftist leaders in Latin America like Colombian President Gustavo Petro, who recently reopened his nation's border with Venezuela, have taken a more pragmatic approach than their predecessors.

Portugal and France have also met with Maduro or reinstated ambassadors to his government.

Guaidó is losing support within the Unitary Platform, according to news reports. 

What we're watching: The White House official said the tit-for-tat of sanctions relief for concessions from the regime was a "work in progress" and that, while the Biden administration shares the opposition's goal of free and fair elections in 2024, restoring democracy "may be a longer undertaking."

In the meantime, the U.S. also wants to focus on improving the humanitarian situation and building consensus with countries in the region, the official said.

"Our role is a simple one. If they produce concrete outcomes, we will respond. If there are regressions, we will re-impose pressure," the official said.

Uncertainty persists as Venezuela talks continue

The lives of millions of Venezuelans remain at stake as they face deep poverty and food insecurity amid the political turmoil.

Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro holds up a piece of signed paper

Nicolás Maduro holding a copy of the agreement between his government and the Venezuelan opposition, Nov. 30. Yuri Cortéz/AFP via Getty Images

Venezuela

Chicana DJ "Old School Becky Lu" grew up listening to Art Laboe's syndicated radio show. Now, she's taking over as host following Laboe's death in October at the age of 97. 

Why it matters: The percentage of radio disc jockeys who are Latino is declining, according to data gathered by Zippia.com, a job posting website.

Latinos make up just 14.1% of radio disc jockeys in the U.S. Only 36% are women — a percentage that is also declining. 

Catch up quick: Dart Entertainment announced shortly after Laboe died that Becky Lu, whose real name is Rebecca Luna, would continue his oldies radio show that airs on 14 radio stations in California and Arizona.

"The Art Laboe Connection Show" allows listeners to call or email in dedications to loved ones in prison or those living far away. Laboe maintained a loyal following during the nearly eight decades he was on air.  

Luna, who is the chair of the Desert Hispanic Chamber of Commerce in Palm Desert, California, began co-hosting with Laboe during the pandemic.

What they're saying: Luna said callers were initially unsure of her when she first joined Laboe.  

"But eventually, they warmed up, and Old School Becky Lu became her own personality," Luna tells Axios.

Luna said Becky Lu, like Laboe, didn't judge the listeners and lets them share their emotions over the air.

The backstory: Luna grew up in California's Coachella Valley in a Mexican American family that always listened to oldies, she says.

Laboe, born to an Armenian-American family, was a favorite in her house because of his connection to the Mexican American community.  Laboe is credited with helping end segregation in Southern California in part by organizing live events with different racial and ethnic groups, and he promoted Latino artists.

Luna said she sees Becky Lu as a trailblazer who aims to help fellow Latinas by giving them a voice.

Subscribe to Axios Latino to get vital news about Latinos and Latin America, delivered to your inbox on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

New “old school” host takes over Art Laboe’s show

The percentage of radio disc jockeys who are Latino is declining, according to data gathered by Zippia.com.

The late Art Laboe and Rebecca Luna, aka "Old School Becky Lu," pose for a photo in 2019.

The late Art Laboe and Rebecca Luna, aka "Old School Becky Lu," pose for a photo in 2019. Photo: Courtesy of Dart Entertainment

Media

After a record economic expansion, the coronavirus pandemic sent the U.S. economy into a recession as unemployment soared to staggering heights. The country now faces urgent questions about how much stimulus is needed for reeling consumers and businesses, and what a recovery might look like.

Economy & Business

The man who helped shape the Mesoamerican story in the latest Black Panther installment hopes the movie will inspire more people to seek out Indigenous history.

Background: "Black Panther: Wakanda Forever" introduces Namor, a decades-old comic book character, with a revised backstory rooted in Mayan and Aztec history. He is played by Mexican actor Tenoch Huerta Mejía

Details: Gerardo Aldana y Villalobos, an author and professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, was in charge of making sure Namor's reimagined background was historically accurate.

Aldana tells Axios Latino he worked with the crew when there was an early draft of the script, helping create a backstory for any detail that might show up on screen.

He suggested the name Talokan for Namor's underwater kingdom, wrote glyphs that tell Namor's story for the sets and made sure the wardrobe choices fit with materials the Mayan used.

Aldana says it was invigorating to work with a Hollywood team angling to faithfully portray a topic he feels other films have botched.

Of note: Director Ryan Coogler invited Aldana to play a small role in one of the movie's early scenes, with Angela Bassett.

The big picture: Aldana says having a major blockbuster respectfully and faithfully show aspects of Indigenous culture can be an educational tool.

Lessons on Indigenous histories and cultures from across the Americas, including Native American history, are absent from many  U.S. school curricula.

"The hope is people recognize that there's so much more to learn and be appreciative of," Aldana says. 

"Maybe we can inspire a new generation of kids to see ancient Mesoamerica in a completely different way. And that is mind-blowing."

Editor’s note: This story has been corrected to reflect that Gerardo Aldana y Villalobos began working on the movie when there was an early draft of the script, not before there was a script.

How a professor helped shape "Black Panther" sequel's Mesoamerican story

"Black Panther: Wakanda Forever" introduces Namor with a revised backstory rooted in Mayan and Aztec history.

Gerardo Aldana drawing Mayan hieroglyphs 

Gerardo Aldana drawing Mayan hieroglyphs during a visit to Popolá, Yucatán, in 2021. Photo: Courtesy of Gerardo Aldana

Movies

Just about 24 titles in the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry are by Latino or Hispanic artists. The Congressional Hispanic Caucus (CHC) is trying change that. 

The big picture: Latinos are severely underrepresented in all media, from movies to literature and journalism. 

Driving the news: The CHC on Monday submitted a list of 33 songs and albums for consideration in the 2023 registry, shared first with Axios Latino. U.S. Rep. Joaquin Castro (D-Texas), a CHC member, has for years pushed to increase representation of Latinos in media. 

The list, curated from suggestions made on social media and elsewhere, includes "Amor Eterno" by Juan Gabriel, a staple at Mexican American parties; "Hips Don't Lie" by Shakira; Rage Against the Machine's self-titled album; "El Rey" by Vicente Fernández and "Feliz Navidad" by José Feliciano. 

The CHC focused on artists who aren't already on the registry.

Details: Every year since 2002 the Librarian of Congress, with help from the National Recording Preservation Board, picks 25 titles that are “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant” and are at least 10 years old, according to the Library. 

The deadline for public nominations for the 2023 registry passed, but the board has been in touch with Castro and will consider the nominations, Steve Leggett, program director for the board, tells Axios. 

Because of the requirement that titles be at least 10 years old and can date back to the earliest recordings, the registry currently reflects a time when "Latinos were not given commercial opportunities" and were a smaller share of the population, Leggett said via email. 

"To fill this gap, we do make special efforts to uncover recordings by Hispanic artists and other diverse artists of color," Leggett added. 

What they're saying: "I want for the contributions of our musicians to be recognized and celebrated in the way that they deserve, because they have made a mark in America," Castro said. 

What's next: The National Recording Preservation Board will meet next week to discuss the submissions, and the 2023 registry will be announced in late March or April.  

Dozens more Latino musicians nominated to Library of Congress registry

Just about 24 titles in the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry are by Latino or Hispanic artists.

Illustration of a record with a map of Latin America on it.

Congressional Hispanic Caucus

The Dominican Republic is facing international criticism over its treatment and deportation of Haitian migrants.

Driving the news: Dominican authorities expelled more than 60,000 Haitians between August and October, a government spokesperson said in a tweet earlier this month. 

Over 108,000 Haitians have been deported since the beginning of the year — more than double the number repatriated to Haiti in all of last year, the spokesperson added. 

The big picture: Longstanding tensions between the two island neighbors intensified after the assassination of Haitian President Jovenel Moïse in July 2021. 

Since then, the Dominican Republic has stepped up its efforts to deport undocumented migrants, including Haitians. 

The Dominican Republic announced earlier this month it's creating a police unit to look into foreigners living in the country without documentation. 

In February, the country began building a wall covering nearly half of the 244-mile border with Haiti. 

Dominican officials say the measures and deportations are necessary due to economical situation in Haiti. 

But critics, including the UN, say the deportations must stop due to the human rights situation in Haiti, which is facing a cholera outbreak, fuel shortages and escalating gang violence. 

"Unremitting armed violence and systematic human rights violations in Haiti do not currently allow for the safe, dignified and sustainable return of Haitians to the country," UN human rights chief Volker Türk in a statement.

What they're saying: The U.S. embassy on Saturday warned as Dominican officials target suspected undocumented immigrants, especially Haitians, "authorities have not [in some cases] respected these individuals' legal status in the Dominican Republic or nationality."

"These actions may lead to increased interaction with Dominican authorities, especially for darker-skinned U.S. citizens and U.S. citizens of African descent," the Embassy wrote. 

"There are reports that detainees are held in overcrowded detention centers, without the ability to challenge their detention and without access to food or toilets, sometimes for days, before being released or deported to Haiti," the Embassy added.

The Embassy stopped short of saying the deportations must stop. The U.S., which has deported thousands of Haitians this year, is preparing for the possibility of mass migration from Haiti by expanding a migrant center on Guantanamo Bay and looking into the Bahamas or Turks and Caicos for temporary new holding sites, Axios' Stef Kight reported last week. 

The Dominican Ministry of Foreign Affairs rejected the U.S. Embassy's warning, saying in a statement: "The United States government has not provided any evidence beyond anecdotal cases." 

The ministry called on the U.S. Embassy to remove the alert, adding that the "Dominican government would never have imagined such insinuations against our country."

Between the lines: Anti-Haitianism and anti-Blackness are part of the nationalistic story and history, which has been taught and propelled in the Dominican Republic and in the diaspora, Ayendy Bonifacio, an assistant professor of English at the University of Toledo, specializing in American Literature and Latinx studies, told Axios. 

"People's human rights (are) being violated as the government enacts the latest decree to deport Haitians rapidly throughout the country," he said. "But what's happening is a human rights crisis."

Dominican Republic's treatment of Haitian migrants draws fire

The UN has called on Dominican authorities to stop deporting Haitian migrants due to the human rights situation in Haiti.

A member of the Specialized Border Security Corps (Cesfront) directs pedestrians arriving from Haiti at the Dajabon and Ouanaminthe border bridge entry gate in Dajabon, Dominican Republic.

A member of the Dominican Republic's Specialized Border Security Corps (Cesfront) directs pedestrians arriving from Haiti at the Dajabon and Ouanaminthe border bridge entry gate. Photo: Tatiana Fernandez Geara/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Dominican Republic

A member of the Specialized Border Security Corps (Cesfront) guards the Dajabon and Ouanaminthe border bridge entry gate in Dajabon, Dominican Republic.

New Mexico has elected the most Latinos to statewide office of any state — and they're all Democrats.

Hispanics will now hold almost all statewide offices in New Mexico.

The big picture: The Democratic sweep in the state with the highest percentage of Hispanics illustrates their loyalty in the state to the Democratic Party despite some GOP gains in places like South Texas. 

Details: Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham won a second term with 52% of the vote this month despite a major national GOP push for her Republican opponent, former TV meteorologist Mark Ronchetti. Lt. Gov. Howie Morales, also a Democrat, was re-elected, too.

Lujan Grisham became the third Hispanic New Mexico governor in a row to win re-election. No other state has elected three people of color to governorships in a row. 

Raúl Torrez was elected attorney general; Laura Montoya took the state treasurer race; Stephanie Garcia Richard was re-elected as public lands commissioner; and Joseph Maestas captured the state auditor spot. 

Secretary of State Maggie Toulouse Oliver is the only non-Hispanic statewide officeholder.

Background: New Mexico, where about 48% of the population is Hispanic, has a long history of electing Latino candidates to state offices.

Ezequiel Cabeza de Baca, a former journalist, was the state's first Hispanic governor in 1917, but he was only in office 49 days before dying of an illness. 

The state has had six other Hispanic governors since then.

Today Hispanics make up about 40% of New Mexico's legislature, the highest percentage of any state, according to the state's Legislative Council Service.

Yes, but: The state was without a Latino U.S. senator for 44 years until Ben Ray Luján was elected in 2020.

What they're saying: The latest crop of Latinos elected to state office skew younger, Sisto Abeyta, a New Mexico Democratic operative, told Axios.

The average age of legislators in New Mexico was previously 65-70 years old, while many now serving are under 55, Abeyta said.

"These Latinos also have made alliances with white progressives, and they will likely be around for a while."

Hispanics will hold nearly all New Mexico statewide office

NM Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham, Lt. Gov. Howie Morales, AG Raúl Torrez, Public Lands Commissioner Stephanie Garcia Richard, State Auditor Joseph Maestas and State Treasurer Laura Montoya.

From left, clockwise: Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham, Lt. Gov. Howie Morales, Attorney General-elect Raúl Torrez, Public Lands Commissioner Stephanie Garcia Richard, State Auditor-elect Joseph Maestas and State Treasurer-elect Laura Montoya. Photos: Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty Images, Office of Lieutenant Governor, Bernalillo County DA, New Mexico State Land Office, courtesy of Joseph Maestas and Laura Montoya campaigns

President Biden has made the COVID-19 crisis and a post-Trump return to national unity and traditional democratic ideals his top priorities. From vaccinations to stimulus to schools, Biden is seeking bipartisan compromise while showing a willingness to use executive authority and bare Democratic majorities in the U.S. House and Senate to implement his policies. Republican leaders are navigating deep party divisions over if and how to move beyond former President Trump.

Politics & Policy

Argentina's stunning loss to Saudi Arabia put a damper — but didn't end — fans' hopes this could be the year South America reigns at the World Cup again.

The big picture: The World Cup started this weekend in Qatar. South American teams have won it nine times since the tournament began in 1930. But no South American team has won it since 2002, when Brazil triumphed over Germany.  

State of play: When Ecuador beat controversial host Qatar on Sunday, it marked the first time that a host team lost the opening game of the World Cup. 

Tuesday's shocking loss against Saudi Arabia ended Argentina's 36-game unbeaten streak. Three of Argentina's goals were disallowed due to offside calls. 

The defeat puts more pressure on Argentina in its upcoming matches against Mexico (on Saturday) and Poland (next week) as it looks to make it to the knockout stage. 

Brazil is likely to take the whole thing, Horacio Elizondo, an analyst with Telemundo Deportes and former World Cup referee, tells Axios Latino. Other analyses back that prediction up.

Still, fans in Argentina are looking to Lionel Messi to bring home the Cup. He has said will be his last World Cup.  

"This is Messi's World Cup, no matter how much he ends up playing or how far they get," an Argentina fan told Telemundo Deportes.

Elizondo, who is in Qatar, said Argentina had a bad day today but will come back stronger for the next match. 

What's next: Costa Rica plays Spain on Wednesday. Uruguay, a two-time World Cup winner, faces South Korea on Thursday. 

South American teams vie to win their first World Cup in 20 years

No South American team has won the World Cup since 2002 when Brazil triumphed over Germany.

Illustration of South America with abstract shapes.

world cup

Shifts in technology and media are changing the way we play, watch and understand sports. Business models are adapting and social change is forcing those in charge of teams and leagues to reconsider decades-old practices.

Sports

Latinos and Spanish speakers are getting better access to key mental health services thanks to several recent initiatives.

Why it matters: Suicide rates increased in 2020 for Latinos and Black non-Hispanics, according to CDC data released yesterday.

A higher percentage of Latinos in the U.S. have reported symptoms of depression than their white non-Hispanic counterparts since the pandemic began, per the CDC.

But the availability of mental health services in Spanish dropped between 2014 and 2019, according to a study in the journal Psychiatric Services.

By the numbers: Hispanics in the U.S. make up 19% of the population, but only 6% of licensed psychologists in the U.S. identify as Latino, according to the American Psychological Association.

Only 5.5% of therapists are able to provide services in Spanish. But 13% of people in the U.S. speak Spanish at home, census data shows.

Details: Over 6,000 Spanish speakers have reached out for help since Crisis Text Line, a free 24/7 text message counseling hotline, launched a Spanish version of its services a year ago, the organization says. They also launched a WhatsApp version, which many Latinos prefer for messaging.

Hispanics and Spanish speakers now make up 19% of people who reach out to the mental health service, its chief health officer, Shairi Turner, tells Axios Latino.

The service recruits fully bilingual volunteers and mental health professionals because they did not want a translation service, Turner says. 

Other mental health services have also broadened their scope in the past year. The U.S. federal government's Suicide & Crisis Lifeline launched a new number, 988, this summer in both Spanish and English. 

The Trevor Project, a leader in suicide prevention services for LGBTQ+ youth, is now operating in Mexico and looking to use that Spanish speaker experience for U.S. Latinos.

Editor’s note: This story has been corrected to reflect Shairi Turner is the chief health officer, not chief medical officer.

If you or someone you know needs support now, call or text 988 or chat with someone at 988lifeline.org. En Español.

Mental health resources in Spanish are increasing

New CDC data showed suicide rates increased in 2020 for Latinos and Black non-Hispanics.

A crisis hotline worker in 2020. Photo: Katherine Frey/The Washington Post via Getty Images

Mental health

One of the biggest payment-processing companies now offers its services in Spanish.

Why it matters: Spanish is the second-most used language in the U.S. after English; over 41 million people speak it at home, according to Census data. 

Details: Square, which allows  millions of small businesses to accept credit card payments, announced this week that all of its services and hardware will work in both English and Spanish in the U.S.

Businesses — Hispanic-owned and otherwise — will be able to choose which language to use for any banking and loan services hired through Square. 

Those businesses’ customers will be able to select either language when looking at order totals and tipping options or to input their contact information for a digital receipt.

Square, part of a conglomerate that also runs Cash App and the “buy now, pay later” service Afterpay, says it has “millions of users.”

The big picture: Financial tech companies increasingly offer an avenue for Latinos to access cash and payment transactions. 

Square adds Spanish to small business services

Spanish is the second-most used language in the U.S. after English; over 41 million people speak it at home, according to Census data.

Latin America and Latinos

The big picture

Square adds Spanish to small business services

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Climate change hits home for Latinos

Latino groups want to do away with “Latinx”

The beauty industry overlooks rising Latina demand

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