Whether you admire — or abhor — President Trump's boundary-busting first month in office (today = Day 30), it's important to see with clear eyes what's truly stretching the law and shaking long-held traditions of White House occupants before him, Jim VandeHei and Mike Allen write in a "Behind the Curtain" column.

• Why it matters: As we've written before, every "unprecedented" move becomes a new precedent for future presidents. Trump supporters should expect Democratic presidents in the future to use the same new tactics and legal interpretations against them. So understanding each move matters.

🖼️ The big picture: U.S. presidents face very few restraints. They're free of conflict of interest laws, enjoy the presumption of immunity in all official acts, and have wide latitude to impose their agenda.

• So it's worth paying attention when Trump says, as he did over the weekend on Truth Social and X: "He who saves his Country does not violate any Law."
• That followed Vice President Vance saying on X: "Judges aren't allowed to control the executive's legitimate power." Vance's comment is technically correct. But when taken together, the quotes suggest a belief there are few practical or legal restraints on a president. This isn't a new theory: Several Republican-appointed members of the Supreme Court have long held very elastic views of presidential power.
• Also important to note: Trump did promise in the Oval Office, a few days before his post about saving the country, that he'll always abide by court rulings — "and we'll appeal."

So after one month in office and a dizzying amount of rhetoric and real action, what has Trump done that truly pulls America into uncharted waters? (This is our attempt to help readers sift out the hyperbolic reactions, and instead focus on legitimate boundary-busting actions worthy of deeper reflection.)

1. Claiming power clearly granted to Congress. This might seem like a nerdy social studies argument, but it's massive in consequence. The Constitution clearly gives Congress the power to allow and then set spending for the federal government. Take it away, and Congress is left as a weakened branch of government.

• Trump has dismantled USAID ... moved to shut down the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ... tried to freeze trillions of dollars in federal grants and loans ... targeted at least 20,000 federal jobs ... and on Tuesday signed an executive order to rein in independent agencies by declaring that "all executive branch officials and employees are subject to his supervision."
• The Supreme Court, one dominated by conservatives in 1975, ruled unanimously that a president couldn't "impound" congressionally authorized funds, as President Richard Nixon had tried to do.
• Congress could stymie presidential actions like this. But this Congress, controlled by Republicans, is ceding its power to check Trump.

2. Rewriting an actual Constitutional amendment. Trump is already locked in a court fight after seeking to unilaterally rewrite — again by executive order — the 14th Amendment, which grants birthright citizenship to those born here.

• Trump wants to exclude babies born to mothers who are in the country without authorization. Four federal judges have blocked this executive order. This one is likely headed to the Supreme Court.

3. Firing watchdogs. President Trump has fired a lot of people fast, following through on a campaign promise. He has wide latitude to staff the federal government as he sees fit.

• But his abrupt sacking of more than a dozen inspectors generals (IGs) appears to violate the law stating he must give 30 days' notice. Again, this might sound nerdy and technical. But IGs were put in place to investigate — independently — "waste, fraud and abuse." Imagine if every new president, instead of leaving experienced IGs in place, simply ousts them and puts in loyalists instead. That is the precedent that could be set here.

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On Day 30 of President Trump's term, Jim and Mike list more ways he's moving America into uncharted waters:

4. Empowering Elon. Trump and MAGA supporters love the most inventive business mind of the 21st century rifling through agency budgets and databases to cut spending.

• But Musk and DOGE are deep in uncharted waters by gaining access to personal data, and by operating with minimal vetting. Imagine future presidents letting friends set up inside the government, and secretly get the power to see your most sensitive information while they help govern.

5. Profiting from the presidency. This isn't illegal. But it defies a long history of unspoken presidential behavior. Most presidents avoided any actual — or perception of — commingling of their presidential power with personal business deals. Former President Biden took a public beating from Trump and his supporters after it was revealed Biden's son and brother profited off his name and actions.

• Three days before taking office, Trump launched a cryptocurrency that, on paper, was worth as much as $50 billion for the Trump family, depending on how you count coins not yet released to market. (Most of the meme coin's value has been erased since then.) No limits keep foreign leaders, or anyone seeking influence, from buying coins to benefit the Trump family.
• As The New York Times reported this week, Trump held an Oval Office meeting to help boost a merger between the PGA and LIV pro golf behemoths. Trump's family is a major LIV financial partner.

6. DOJ dictates. Trump supporters seem jazzed by, or at least cool with, more than a half-dozen seasoned Justice Department lawyers quitting instead of helping to kill the corruption indictment of New York Mayor Eric Adams. Trump apparently wants to free Adams to help the administration crack down on immigration, which he can't do from court or jail.

• This specific case is unprecedented on its face. This many top U.S. lawyers quitting en masse hasn't happened since the infamous "Saturday Night Massacre" under President Richard Nixon 51 years ago. It begs the question: Will MAGA be cool if the next Democratic president forces Justice officials to do his or her bidding — or quit?

🥊 Reality check: Trump has every right to do and say everything unfolding overseas, from taunting Canada to belittling Europe to freezing Ukraine out of his war negotiations.

• All presidents are free to conduct foreign policy as they see fit. He can also rid his government of DEI staff and offices, and fire as many unprotected government workers as he chooses. There's a difference between shattering expectations and shattering laws.

🎤 What they're saying: Alex Pfeiffer, White House principal deputy communications director, told us everything Trump is doing is democratic — "in fact, the most democratic thing possible. President Trump won the election, made promises in the election and is enacting those promises."

• "Elon is a White House employee," Pfeiffer added. "He and political appointees act on behalf of the president to do the things voters voted for. ... Letting bureaucrats run everything is the opposite of democracy."
• "President Trump is restoring control to the people ... swiftly enacting what was voted on," Pfeiffer continued. "And that is as democratic as it gets."

💭 Our thought bubble: Axios tries to cover Trump's actions seriously and clinically without overreacting to random social media posts, given his penchant for ephemeral provocation.

• Our aim: Arm readers with facts and context for making sense of the velocity of news and change.

The bottom line: The first Trump term seemed unprecedented, and sometimes was. This one is authentically unprecedented in totality.

❓ Shoot us questions you have for future columns: [email protected], [email protected].

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Axios' Marc Caputo will be our special guest later today at an Axios AM Executive Briefing webinar on "How Trump Thinks."

• 🎥 And Mike will reveal the movie quote that a top insider cites as an analogy for President Trump's view of his second term.

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Preliminary data shows homicides in the nation's largest cities fell by 16% in 2024 from the previous year — and overall violent crime appears to have dropped, Axios' Russell Contreras writes.

• Why it matters: Stats compiled by the Major Cities Chiefs Association (MCCA) suggest the COVID-era crime wave all but evaporated during President Biden's final year in office.

🔎 Zoom in: Violent crime, especially homicides, rose during Biden's first two years as president before dropping dramatically the next two years, the MCCA data show.

• An Axios analysis of the preliminary crime data for 2024 from 69 self-reporting large police departments found that violent crimes decreased overall by 6%.

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Senate Appropriations Committee Chair Susan Collins (R-Maine) told Axios the administration is moving "too fast" on job and spending cuts.

• The powerful senator warned Elon Musk's team should wait until agency heads are confirmed and take a "more surgical approach." She said some actions "violate restrictions that are in current law" and the team is "making mistakes," referencing the accidental firing of officials working on bird flu.

Why it matters: Collins is among the Republicans on Capitol Hill growing unnerved by the Trump-Musk cuts now hitting their districts and states. Andrew Solender and Stef Kight report in Axios Hill Leaders.

• A bigger conflict is brewing over whether the administration can bypass Congress on such decisions.

🔭 Zoom out: Republicans have largely applauded the swiftness of DOGE hacking and slashing. But some are quietly fuming that their constitutional role in controlling federal funds is being steamrolled.

• I think you're going to see a clash when they ... start abolishing [agencies]," a House Republican told Axios. "Say like USAID, right? We authorized that. That's a creature of Congress."

🔬 Zoom in: DOGE is starting to target federal roles that even some of Trump's Republican allies in Congress may deem essential.

• That includes several hundred FAA probationary employees.
• NASA and NOAA, which runs the National Weather Service and helps combat natural disasters, are being scrutinized.
• The administration laid off 300+ workers at the National Nuclear Security Administration, which manages the U.S. nuclear arsenal, but has since scrambled to reinstate most of them.

Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska) told Axios of her state's many federal workers: "We all want efficiencies, there is a way to do it [but] the way these people have been treated has been awful in many cases. Awful."

• Rep. Don Bacon (R-Neb.) told Axios: "Measure twice before cutting. They have had to backtrack multiple times."

🕶️ What we're watching: With Republicans' razor-thin House majority, Trump will need to keep nearly every GOP lawmaker on board to pass his massive budget reconciliation bill later this year.

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President Trump told Axios' Marc Caputo at a Mar-a-Lago news conference that the White House will continue to restrict the AP's access to the White House "until such time as they agree that it's the Gulf of America."

• Trump falsely suggested Ukraine started the war and that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is deeply unpopular with his own people, hours after U.S. and Russian officials met for talks, Axios' Barak Ravid writes.

Trump spoke after signing an executive order to reduce the costs of accessing IVF.

• Watch the press conference.

A series of high-profile airline accidents has caused a spike in Americans questioning how safe it is to fly, Axios' Jaden Amos and Alex Fitzpatrick write from Google Trends data.

• Why it matters: The only time more Americans searched that question was during the pandemic, when there was confusion about how likely it was for the virus to spread on a plane.

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The Nashville Zoo's newest resident is causing quite a stir on social media, Axios Nashville's Adam Tamburin writes.

• Hamish, a 7-week-old Scottish Highland calf, had his zoo debut last week at the Historic Farm, where he has been zooming around at top speed.

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