Challengers circle YouTube's throne

New reports suggest that YouTube, the incumbent king of internet video, is losing ground to newer upstarts like TikTok and Twitch that are capturing the attention of young consumers and brands.

The big picture: YouTube's market problems are being compounded by intense scrutiny from regulators and advertisers — challenges that until recently have landed more in Facebook's lap.

Driving the news: Several recent reports highlight the ways that new players are out-innovating YouTube in key areas.

• Social video: TikTok, the Bytedance-owned social karaoke app, is exploding in the U.S., and is on pace to become the hottest social video app in America. TikTok has become the hottest destination for social influencers looking to make it online, dominating interest and conversation at this year's VidCon gathering less than a year after launch, The Atlantic's Taylor Lorenz reports.
• Live-streaming: Twitch, the Amazon-owned video-streaming service used primarily for esports, has dominated livestream viewing, according to a new report from StreamElements cited by TechCrunch. Twitch viewers live-streamed a total of 2.72+ billion hours in Q2 ,or 72.2% of all live hours watched. That's compared with 735.54 million hours on YouTube Live, or 19.5% of all live hours watched, per the report.
• Creator tools: YouTube is adding more ways for creators to make money on its platform, The Verge reports. According to Business Insider, "YouTube is likely trying to counteract monetization moves from rivals Twitch and Facebook, which could threaten the platform's ability to attract and retain new or smaller, emerging creators."

Between the lines: Reports suggest that YouTube's market problems can at least in part be attributed to concerns that the company is lax about enforcing safety and security standards.

• At VidCon, creators complained about YouTube's content moderation problems, according to Buzzfeed News. "I didn't know I started a hate platform" should no longer be an acceptable excuse for not taking responsibility, a YouTuber said on one panel, cited by Buzzfeed.
• A study last month by PwC found that by 2021, more children's advertisers will shift their budgets away from YouTube and channels that are non-compliant with children's privacy laws.

Yes, but: YouTube is still an advertising cash cow, and continues to dominate other metrics, like live TV streaming and market reach.

• Analysts forecast that YouTube TV captures roughly 21% of the total digital skinny bundle market, coming in second only to Hulu with Live TV.
• eMarketer estimates that YouTube will account for 11.5% of all video ad revenue in the U.S. this year. 
• Comscore ranks "Google sites," which primarily consists of YouTube, as top video entity in the U.S., with more than double the reach of the second most popular video destination — Facebook.

Be smart: Despite YouTube's growing challenges, critics' concerns about the service's dominance are louder than ever.

• Congress is holding a hearing Tuesday on anti-competitive practices by big tech companies. The Justice Department has opened up an investigation into Google's market power, and the Federal Trade Commission is reportedly toying with asking YouTube to disable ads against kids content.
• Meanwhile, Bloomberg's Lucas Shaw and Mark Bergen note in a new piece about YouTube's regulatory headwinds that businesses like AppNexus and Vevo that used to work closely with the video giant are now turning against it, plotting "an antitrust revenge."

The bottom line: 2019 may be the year that YouTube's longstanding video dominance begins to face serious challenges from upstarts looking to win over advertisers, creators and regulators.