How the Great Recession fueled for-profit colleges

For-profit universities, often criticized for recruiting disadvantaged Americans and offering overpriced degrees, saw their enrollments more than triple during the Great Recession.

Why it matters: People went back to school in droves when the job market dried up, and for-profit colleges — which can be more flexible with class sizes — attracted students looking for an alternative to traditional institutions. But studies show that students at for-profit universities are less likely to graduate and and more likely to have significant debt and default on their loans, compared to traditional 4-year-degree counterparts.

At their peak enrollment in 2010, students at for-profit colleges only represented 11% of the overall student population, according to NCES. For-profit institutions can be an option for those who may not otherwise have access to education.

But there are downsides of for-profit universities:

• The average tuition is significantly more expensive at for-profits than public or community colleges, according to government data.
• For-profit students are less likely to complete their degree than private or public students, according to a study by the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, and more likely to have more than $20,000 worth of debt.
• For-profit students are also more likely to default on their loans later on.
• And the median wage for those who attend for-profit universities is lower than those of public schools, according to a study by the Center for Analysis of Postsecondary Education and Employment.

The impact: The high costs of many for-profit colleges can worsen socio-economic inequality. Minorities, women, older and low-income students are overrepresented in for-profit colleges, according to studies by Rajashri Chakrabarti, a senior economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

• The Obama administration implemented new regulations, requiring proof of a reasonable debt-to-income ratio among graduates. It also shut down two major for-profit college chains — Corinthian Colleges and ITT Tech — which had been accused of false advertising and predatory lending.
• Enrollment in for-profit institutions has recently leveled off, likely due to a more welcoming labor environment and the new rules, which had a "chilling effect" on for-profit colleges, Lowell Rickets from the St. Louis Federal Reserve told Axios.
• The Trump administration is rolling back those rules aimed at abuses at for-profit schools.