Illustration: Sarah Grillo/Axios
Wednesday's Consumer Price Index report is a split progress report on inflation: Underlying price pressures are receding. But August was a bad month for ordinary Americans' cost of living.
Why it matters: Policymakers focus on the core measure of inflation, which offers a less volatile picture of underlying price pressures across the economy.
- But headline inflation — including gasoline prices — shapes the financial well-being of American households.
- And that's where the news was bad.
By the numbers: Headline CPI rose 0.6% in August, the largest increase since June 2022. A sharp jump in gasoline prices (up nearly 11%) was the culprit, alone accounting for more than half of the overall monthly increase.
- The result was a decline in inflation-adjusted pay: Real average hourly earnings fell by 0.5% in August, breaking a five-month streak of rising pay by this measure.
Yes, but: Excluding energy and food prices, the inflation outlook is encouraging. On a monthly basis, core prices rose 0.3%.
- That was a tick hotter than the 0.2% economists expected. But over the past three months, core inflation ran at a 2.4% annual rate, the lowest since March 2021.
- It's also within striking distance of the Fed's 2% inflation target, especially considering that CPI runs a bit higher than the Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index inflation gauge targeted by the Fed.
- As such, it cements expectations that the Fed won't raise interest rates at its policy meeting next week.
What to watch: There is potential for a spillover effect from the higher energy prices pushing the headline measure into the gauge watched by the Fed.
What they're saying: "Higher energy costs have rippled through to pricing for public transportation and airfares," Jim Baird, chief investment officer of Plante Moran Financial Advisors, wrote in a note. Transportation services rose 2% in August, while airline tickets surged 5% after three months of price declines.
- Upward inflationary pressure from energy prices "is likely to repeat" this month and next, "given the continued rise in oil prices," notes Preston Caldwell, chief economist at Morningstar.
- Moreover, energy-driven inflation could create upward pressure on inflation expectations for consumers and businesspeople, which can be self-fulfilling.
The bottom line: For now, the CPI numbers add to a run of data recently that suggests inflation is receding alongside a cooling labor market. But that is little solace for families struggling to afford everyday items.