Fed chair Jerome Powell and former Bank of England governor Mark Carney at the Jackson Hole symposium in 2019. Photo: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg via Getty Images
The financial headlines right now are dominated by talk of Jackson Hole, shorthand for an annual gathering of central bankers in Wyoming that inevitably makes big-time economic news. We're on our way there now: Neil for his ninth time, and Courtenay for her first.
- To set the scene, here are the basics you need to know about the event and what makes it special.
What is this thing? The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City has hosted its annual economic symposium in a lodge in Grand Teton National Park since 1982. It's a gathering of central bankers from around the world, academics, other influential economic thinkers, policymakers and journalists.
- The meat of the event consists of a series of papers on important economic ideas related to the year's topic. This year, it is "Reassessing Constraints on the Economy and Policy."
- Details on the papers to be presented won't be released until Thursday evening, but it has been confirmed that the symposium will begin with a speech by Fed chair Jerome Powell first thing Friday morning (8am local time, 10am EDT)
What will Powell say? If we knew, we would have already reported it! But traditionally, the Fed chair uses their Jackson Hole speech to deliver a particularly important and long-range message.
- Traders worldwide will scrutinize the text for signals of what the Fed will do next month, but Powell has seen this venue as a chance to lay out an intellectual framework for policy in the years ahead rather than tactical signaling of his next policy moves.
- For example, his 2018 "Guided by the Stars" speech has been perhaps his most memorable as chair. It outlined how he thinks about important but unmeasurable variables like the natural rate of interest (R-star) and natural rate of unemployment (U-star).
Why Jackson Hole? In the early 1980s, the Kansas City Fed leaders learned that the best way to ensure Fed chairman Paul Volcker would accept an invitation was to locate the event somewhere with good fly fishing in late August. Jackson Hole it was.
- Four decades later, the symposium has become entrenched as the premier event on the Fed's annual calendar, in no small part through network effects. Influential policymakers and thinkers want to be there because they know other influential policymakers and thinkers will be there.
- It also helps that the setting is gorgeous, the weather is usually great, and the Kansas City Fed has done an excellent job over the years of curating the topics, papers and guest lists.
What's the scene like? The event does not take place in some luxury resort. Rather, it is at a lodge in a national park that remains open to the public, and features a big grizzly bear taxidermy in the lobby. The rooms are decidedly rustic.
- It's not uncommon to see powerful economic policymakers from Europe or Asia wandering the hotel lobby, amid American tourists who pulled up on motorcycles or in RVs.
- Some attendees fully embrace the Western vibe, wearing cowboy boots, hats, and the like. Others stick to more traditional business casual attire.
- Behind closed doors at the symposium itself, things are considerably more intimate than at many economic conferences. The guest list, constrained by the size of the ballroom where the gathering takes place, is a bit over 100.
- After a long day of economy talk and maybe an afternoon hike, attendees usually go to a Friday dinner with Western-themed entertainment, such as a live show by a horse whisperer.
Who's there? The list of attendees this year has not yet been released, but in the past, the lineup has typically included:
- Most Fed governors and reserve bank presidents
- The governor or a top deputy from dozens of other global central banks
- Top economists from international organizations and the current U.S. administration
- Leading academic and private sector economists
What will make news? The biggest headlines are likely to come from Powell's speech, but the papers presented and the discussions they spur can create their own fireworks.
- The Kansas City Fed publishes the papers on its website.
- The presentations and discussions are not broadcast (except for Powell's speech this year), but the proceedings in the room are on the record, and economics journalists are on hand to report what they hear.
What are some historical highlights? Here are a few:
- In 1990, central bankers from former Soviet bloc countries attended — a vivid signal of global economic unity amid the end of the Cold War.
- In 1994, Fed vice-chair Alan Blinder gave a talk about the importance of the Fed keeping unemployment low, which gave some economic commentators apoplexy and created the appearance of a rift between him and chair Alan Greenspan. (If that sentence sounds bizarre to you, it should).
- The 2005 symposium became a celebration of Greenspan as he approached retirement, a high water mark for the Great Moderation, the era of solid growth and low inflation over which he presided.
- In 2007, chair Ben Bernanke started a pivot toward emergency footing in the early days of what would become the Global Financial Crisis. (This was Neil's first year there).
- In 2010, Bernanke began the push toward a new round of quantitative easing, which became a Fed policy signature over the years that followed.
- In 2014, European Central Bank president Mario Draghi indicated that he was worried about inflation falling persistently too low, laying the groundwork for Europe's version of QE.
What makes this year unique? A few things!
- It is the first in-person symposium in three years, following pandemic-forced remote gatherings in 2020 and 2021.
- It is the final year of Kansas City Fed president Esther George acting as host of the event, as she faces a mandatory retirement age and is set to step down in early 2023. She has led the bank, and the symposium, for 11 years.
- It is the first time really since the beginning of the event that inflation has been so high as to be a national crisis, which will surely shape the tone of the discussions.
So why is this gathering "special?" Maybe this is just Neil's nostalgia for his youth, when he was a cub Fed reporter with a lot less gray hair.
- But there is something unique about the beauty of the setting and the repetition of seeing many of the same people, in the same place, year after year.
- Most importantly, there is a sense that it is where important moments in modern economic history have taken place. It's cool to be in the room when history happens.