A massive pet "biobank" will study why cats and dogs get sick

• "The overall aim is to improve pet care of the future and health outcomes, and to improve the health span and quality of life of our pets," says Kay O'Donnell, vice president of the Waltham Petcare Science Institute, a division of Mars Petcare.

What is a biobank?

Driving the news: Mars Inc., the giant conglomerate that makes M&M's and Snickers, has a division that runs chains of veterinary hospitals and makes products like Pedigree dog food and Iams cat food. That unit recently announced the new biobank and issued a call for dogs and cats in the U.S. to participate.

• Four-pawed volunteers will donate blood and fecal samples annually over 10 years — and get free vet care, genetic testing and activity trackers in return.
• Using "longitudinal physiological data from the samples collected," the study will seek to "understand the differences between pets that are healthy as they age and pets that develop diseases," Mars Petcare said in a press release.
• While there are other animal biobanks, "they are either targeting a specific disease or a specific breed," O'Donnell tells Axios. "This will be the first general population cat and dog biobank," recruiting purebreds and mutts.

Details: Mars is seeking healthy dogs and cats between the ages of 6 months and 10 years. To enroll, the animals need to be clients of certain Mars Petcare veterinary facilities, including VCA and Banfield animal hospitals.

• Over the decadelong pet study, "some of them will go on to be healthy, and some will go on to develop disease," O'Donnell notes.
• Under the biobank's supervision, there will be "early recognition of changes, and therefore the ability to intervene early and improve outcomes," she said.

The big picture: Pet-loving Americans are investing more in veterinary care and seeking more genetic information about their housemates — buying DNA kits to learn about their ancestry and medical issues, for example.

• At the same time, advances in microbiome research and personalized medicine are helping doctors and scientists detect and treat disorders sooner and more effectively — in both humans and animals.

Meanwhile, the animal biobanking world is getting more organized and sophisticated.

• A consortium of veterinary schools that run biobanks formed in 2014 to work in partnership with medical schools on research.
• Among animal biobanks, "a great deal of them are investing in really amazing hypotheses," said Marta Castelhano, director of the Cornell Veterinary Biobank (which became the first biobank in the world to receive accreditation, in 2019).

Some interesting examples:

• A feline biobank at the University of Edinburgh is using the DNA of 1,000 cats to study the genetic basis of common problems, such as kidney and urinary tract disease.
• An AI diagnostic tool developed by Mars' Waltham Petcare Science Institute can detect chronic renal disease in cats two years earlier than could be done before.
• Cornell Veterinary Biobank's Dog Aging Project has produced four published papers this year — including one in the prestigious journal Nature.
• Another paper, published in GeroScience, concludes that it's healthiest for dogs to be fed once a day, rather than more frequently.

Between the lines: As animal biobanks accumulate specimens, they're "enhancing the potential of those samples to translate into research innovation — for the sake of the animals and humans," Castelhano told Axios.

What's next: The more samples that Mars Petcare can gather and analyze, the more insights it will glean over time — particularly into rarer diseases that smaller studies with fewer specimens can't fully capture.

• "Our estimate is that from Year 3 to 4 onwards we will have critical mass," O'Donnell says. "We'll be able to describe populations and release genome sequences into the public domain ahead of that."