National

Percentage of foreign-born population in the U.S.

Data: William H. Frey analysis of historical censuses; American Community Survey (ACS); Chart: Jacque Schrag/Axios; Note: Estimates for 2009-2010 overestimates foreign-born increase due to weighting differences between the 2009 and 2010 ACS. The new 2011 estimates provide accurate differences between 2010-2015.  

The population of foreign-born citizens and residents in the United States has plummeted for the first time in over a decade, according to analysis of new experimental U.S. Census Bureau data. 

Why it matters: While the decline coincides with the spread of COVID-19, a country with an aging population like that found in the United States needs strong levels of immigration to support economic growth. More immediately, immigrants could help fill the millions of job openings in the U.S.

The new data from the American Community Survey (ACS) also revealed the smallest decade gain in the foreign-born population since the 1960s, at 3.6 million. In comparison, the immigrant population grew by 8.8 million during the 2000s.  

The data "strongly suggest a [sizable] downturn in the U.S. foreign-born population, no doubt related to a downturn in immigration in the last year" due to coronavirus restrictions, Brookings Institution demographer William Frey told Axios.

Of note: The pandemic complicated efforts to collect census data, and the 2020 ACS results did not meet the bureau's data standards for previous years.

Both factors explain why they are labeled "experimental." 

Former President Trump's effort to exclude undocumented populations from reapportionment numbers, though ultimately failing, may have led some immigrant populations to be wary of responding to overall U.S. Census Bureau outreach.

This may have at least partially contributed to the lower foreign-born population numbers, Frey said.

Share of U.S. immigrant population drops for first time in 10 years

The data also revealed the smallest decade gain in the foreign-born population since the 1960s.

Immigration

President Biden has made the COVID-19 crisis and a post-Trump return to national unity and traditional democratic ideals his top priorities. From vaccinations to stimulus to schools, Biden is seeking bipartisan compromise while showing a willingness to use executive authority and bare Democratic majorities in the U.S. House and Senate to implement his policies. Republican leaders are navigating deep party divisions over if and how to move beyond former President Trump.

Politics & Policy

The New York City Council voted 33-14 on Thursday to allow noncitizens to vote in local elections starting in 2023.

Why it matters: Advocates say immigrants who live in the city, pay taxes and participate in its communities should be able to help decide local leaders. The city is the largest municipality to approve such a measure, Washington Post reports.

Noncitizens who are legally documented and of voting age make up nearly one in nine of the city's voting-age population, according to a local NBC News affiliate. 

Details: Roughly 800,000 noncitizens will now be allowed to cast ballots for the mayor, city council members and other municipal offices, per NBC.

They will remain ineligible to vote in state and federal elections.

What to watch: Republicans have vowed to challenge the measure, claiming it violates the state's constitution and election law.

Mayor Bill de Blasio has also raised concerns about its legality, though he has said he won't veto it.

The big picture: Over a dozen smaller municipalities allow noncitizens to vote, per AP. North Dakota, Arizona, Florida, Colorado and Alabama ban noncitizen voting entirely.

New York City grants noncitizens voting rights in local elections

It's the largest municipality to approve such a measure.

Photo of the New York City skyline at night, with the Statue of Liberty lit up in the middle

The Empire State is lit in red, white and blue to mark Labor Day weekend as it stands behind the Statue of Liberty in New York City on Sept. 4. Photo: Gary Hershorn via Getty Images

New York City

Two leading immigration groups — the New American Economy and the American Immigration Council — are merging, in part, to prepare for a potential Republican takeover of Congress, Axios has learned.

Why it matters: Immigration has increasingly become a central U.S. political issue. Pro-immigrant groups have gained influence in recent years through their advocacy and litigation — especially during the Trump era. A possible return to legislative power by the GOP would require more clout, the two groups say.

“It’s rare that nonprofits merge, but it shouldn't be," said Jeremy Robbins, who served as executive director of New American Economy and will retain that title in the new group.

NAE is an immigration think tank founded over a decade ago by Michael Bloomberg.

“I believe our field needs to evolve, and that it’s time to reimagine our work in a way that helps us best serve newcomers while rebuilding a bipartisan and constructive case for what immigration means for America.”

The new group will be named the American Immigration Council. The council was founded by the sister group American Immigration Lawyers Association — the only U.S. legal association for immigration attorneys.

The merger comes after an outcry among immigrant advocates, including the Council, over the Biden administration reinstating the Trump-era "Remain in Mexico" policy, under federal court order.

It also comes as groups rethink the best way to push pro-immigrant policies in anticipation of Republicans taking back the House next year. This includes an emphasis on state and local policies, particularly in places like Texas, Ohio and Colorado with new immigrant communities.

Former President Trump ended the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, created policies to make it more difficult for migrants to gain asylum and imposed a new wealth and health "public charge" test for green card applicants.

The big picture: NAE's work has focused on economic research and building state and local advocacy networks, now in more than 100 communities.

Those efforts will now continue alongside the council's legal might, national ad campaigns and federal advocacy.

Members hope the combined resources help the teams "better expand and protect the rights of immigrants, more fully ensure immigrants’ ability to succeed economically, and help make the communities they settle in more welcoming," according to a news release first provided to Axios.

First look: Facing GOP challenge, immigration groups merge

Bloomberg's New American Economy is being folded into the American Immigration Council.

Ngoc Nguyen of Vietnam takes the Oath of Allegiance as her cousin, Buu-Van A.J. Rashi, translates for her during a U.S. naturalization ceremony 

A U.S. naturalization ceremony. Photo: Paul Bersebach/MediaNews Group/Orange County Register via Getty Images

The Trump-era "Remain in Mexico" program will resume Monday as long as Mexico officially approves the plan, as expected Thursday, U.S. administration officials told reporters.

Why it matters: President Biden has been forced by court order to restart the controversial program, which makes asylum seekers wait in Mexico for their U.S. court hearings. The administration is simultaneously seeking to end the program, again.

Between the lines: This time, before agreeing to cooperate, Mexico has demanded several humanitarian changes to what is formally called the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP).

"These are improvements that we agree with and that we will be making," one administration official said.

The new version of MPP will differ from President Trump's in a handful of ways, according to the officials:

All migrants will be offered the COVID-19 vaccine before being returned to Mexico.

U.S. officials will attempt to complete all MPP asylum cases within 180 days.

When asked, migrants who express fear of being returned to Mexico will be given 24 hours to consult with an attorney before an interview with a U.S. immigration official, which will determine whether the migrant is placed in MPP or not.

There also will be a lower bar to meet for migrants claiming fear of persecution in Mexico.

The categories for potential exemption from MPP will also be expanded to include people with physical and mental health challenges, the elderly and those at risk of discrimination because of gender or sexual identity.

The details: Axios reported last week that the administration had been readying to launch the program as soon as this week, a timeline that was pushed back only slightly.

MPP will kick off on Monday at just one port of entry along the border, but the exact site has not been finalized, the officials said.

Migrants will cross back into the U.S. for court hearings through legal border entry points in San Diego, California, as well as El Paso, Brownsville and Laredo, Texas.

Biden to restart "Remain in Mexico" program

The Trump-era program will resume Monday as long as Mexico officially approves the plan, as expected.

A border patrol officer begins processing a family after they crossed the Rio Grande into the U.S. 

A Border Patrol officer begins processing a family after they crossed the Rio Grande into the U.S. Photo: Brandon Bell/Getty Images

Latin America and Latinos

The COVID-19 pandemic has "radically altered mobility" worldwide, the United Nations migration agency said in its World Migration Report 2022 released Wednesday.

The big picture: The scale of international migration increased the last two years, though at a reduced rate because of the pandemic. At the same time, there was also an increase in displacement due to disasters, conflict and violence, according to the the International Organization for Migration.

"We are witnessing a paradox not seen before in human history," the agency's Director General António Vitorino said in a statement.

"While billions of people have been effectively grounded by COVID-19, tens of millions of others have been displaced within their own countries," Vitorino said.

Driving the news: Conflict in Syria, Yemen, Congo, Central African Republic and South Sudan, in addition to "severe economic and political instability" in Venezuela and Afghanistan, led to the displacement of millions of people, according to the UN agency, which compiled its report from a range of data on the latest trends of human movement.

Large-scale displacements were also caused by climate- and weather-related disasters in many parts of the world in 2020 and 2021, including in China, the Philippines, Bangladesh, India, the U.S. and Haiti.

The number of international migrants in 2020 reached about 281 million — comprising 3.6% of the world's population — compared to 272 million in 2019, according to AP.

International remittances declined to $702 billion in 2020, compared to $719 in 2019.

What they're saying: "The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered immobility worldwide to an extent unseen in recent history, slowing the pace of human mobility and migration," Ugochi Daniels, IOM’s deputy director-general for operations said, per AP.

"The pandemic is estimated to have negatively impacted the total growth of international migrants by 2 million."

The agency also warned that "stereotyped and negative images of migrants perpetuate a discourse of migration as an 'invasion' or a 'burden,' which exacerbates prejudice and hostile attitudes. These views have been linked to the rise in anti-immigrant political parties and the intensification of anti-immigrant rhetoric in politics."

Go deeper: The future will depend on letting people move

COVID-19 "radically altered mobility" globally, UN says

While billions were "effectively grounded by COVID-19," tens of millions were displaced within their own countries, IOM said.

Migrants continue to wait at a closed area allocated by Belarusian government the Belarusian-Polish border in Grodno, Belarus on December 01, 2021.

Migrants wait at a closed area allocated by Belarusian government the Belarusian-Polish border in Grodno, Belarus on December 1, 2021. Photo: Sefa Karacan/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images

President Biden will start turning asylum seekers back to Mexico as soon as next week under a reinstated Trump-era "Remain in Mexico" program — but will offer them the option to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, Axios has learned.

Why it matters: Under court orders, the president will officially undo a key immigration promise, which will force asylum-seekers to wait months in Mexico ahead of their immigration court hearings in the U.S. — as long as Mexico accepts them.

One difference from the program under former President Trump's administration: All migrant adults enrolled in "Remain in Mexico" will be offered the vaccine, although it can't be required, according to two government immigration officials.

It's unclear at what point in the process the migrants would be able to get their shots, whether before being turned back, when they return to the U.S. for their court hearing or at some other time.

The policy, formally called the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), will first be reinstated in El Paso and Brownsville, Texas, as well as San Diego, California, one DHS official said.

Yes, but: Timing has been in flux, and the administration is ultimately at the mercy of Mexico's cooperation.

“In compliance with the court order, we are working to reimplement MPP as promptly as possible,“ DHS spokesperson Marsha Espinosa told Axios.

”We cannot do so until we have the independent agreement from the Government of Mexico to accept those we seek to enroll in MPP.  We will communicate to the court, and to the public, the timing of reimplementation when we are prepared to do so.”

What to watch: Vulnerable populations are expected to be exempted. It's unclear who will fall under that category, or how border officials will decide who gets placed in the program.

The effectiveness of the policy will continually depend on Mexico's willingness to accept the migrants turned back.

Two sources familiar with internal discussions also highlighted concerns about migrants who would be forced to travel through Mexico in the middle of the night, so they can be on time for early morning court hearings.

The administration is trying to address this safety concern ahead of MPP courts reopening later on.

The big picture: A federal court ordered the administration to restart MPP not long after it was ended.

Immigration officials have been divided over the program.

Some think a revamped version would be helpful with higher-than-normal border flows, while others want nothing to do with the program that had been plagued with humanitarian concerns.

While the administration has been preparing to restart MPP, it's also made a second attempt at ending it.

What they're saying: One administration official noted that they have long said they will both comply with the court order, while simultaneously appealing the decision.

Scoop: Biden restarting Trump's "Remain in Mexico" policy

The program will force asylum seekers to stay in Mexico while awaiting court hearings.

Migrants sit against a fence while waiting to board a border patrol bus after crossing the Rio Grande into the U.S.

Migrants sit against a fence while waiting to board a Border Patrol bus. Photo: Brandon Bell/Getty Images

Illegal immigration

Democrats got a hopeful sign from the Senate rules referee Tuesday in their effort to include provisions for undocumented immigrants in the $1.75 trillion "human" infrastructure bill they hope to pass through the partisan reconciliation process.

Driving the news: The Senate parliamentarian met with Democratic staff about the immigration provisions and did not rule out their inclusion in President Biden's Build Back Better agenda, sources familiar with the meeting told Axios.

The provisions in question would allow millions of undocumented immigrants to apply for work permits, permission to travel and to receive temporary protection from deportation.

The official ruling is expected in the coming weeks, although no date is yet set, the sources said.

Why it matters: Democrats have promised to pursue immigration reform through the legislation that's also focused on expanding the social safety net and addressing climate change.

Their two previous proposals were turned away by the Senate parliamentarian. 

Two people familiar with discussions described the outcome of Tuesday's meeting as a positive sign.

The Senate Parliamentarian did not accept, reject or recommend changes to the proposal — only moving it along to a formal test of budgetary effects in which both parties will be able to make their case to the parliamentarian.

Flashback: The two previous plans rejected by the Senate parliamentarian offered legal permanent residency.

Plan A — A proposal to provided as many as 8 million undocumented immigrants a pathway to citizenship was rejected in an official “Byrd Bath," a vet to see if it has a budgetary effect and, therefore, can be included in a reconciliation bill.

Plan B —  A move to update an outdated immigration registry to provide green cards for some undocumented immigrants was rejected during another review.

The parliamentarian later called it a “weighty policy change” not budgetary in nature.

Democrats get hopeful sign from parliamentarian on immigration

Adding immigration reforms to the Build Back Better agenda has been a Democratic goal.

A section of the U.S.-Mexico border wall is seen.

A section of the U.S.-Mexico border wall in Sunland Park, New Mexico, is seen in 2019. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

Senate Democrats

Migrants fleeing countries that refuse to take them back are driving new backlogs in the U.S. immigration system — and White House and Homeland Security officials worry this poses a growing obstacle to balancing humanitarian and national security concerns.

Driving the news: U.S. officials at the southern border have come across an average of nearly 800 Venezuelan migrants each day for the past week— more than any other nationality except those from Mexico, according to internal immigration data obtained by Axios.

There are now more Venezuelans in border custody than any other nationality, followed closely by Nicaragua. A record 13,400 crossed the border in October. 

More than 5,000 Cubans, Brazilians and Venezuelans crossed the dangerous Darién Gap into Panama last month, on top of more than 17,000 Haitians, according to Panamanian government data.

What they're saying: "The Department of Homeland Security is committed to ensuring safe, orderly and humane immigration processes," said DHS spokesperson Eduardo Silva.

"DHS, in coordination with the Department of State, has regular discussions with partner countries in the hemisphere on migration-related matters, and continues to engage with foreign governments to improve cooperation with countries that systematically refuse or delay the repatriation of their nationals."

The big picture: Overall, numbers at the border are far lower than they were earlier this year, during the peak of children and families illegally crossing the U.S.-Mexico border.

But an unprecedented number of migrant adults are coming from countries that make deportation difficult, primarily Venezuela, Cuba, Nicaragua and Brazil.

The U.S. government must decide whether to detain long term or release most single adults coming from nations reluctant to accept back their own citizens when the U.S. turns them away.

Between the lines: Cuba and Venezuela are some of the least cooperative countries when it comes to U.S. efforts to return migrants who don't qualify for asylum or other protections.

Brazil and Nicaragua accept a limited number of deportation flights but require extensive notice, and otherwise make it more difficult than other parts of the world.

Mexico also refuses migrants from these countries under the controversial pandemic-related policy called Title 42.

Migrants are further complicating the situation by heading toward smaller, understaffed border sectors such as Del Rio, Texas, and Yuma, Arizona, one DHS official told Axios.

Haitians held in a migrant camp under a bridge in Del Rio drew national attention in September.

Of the roughly 25,000 migrants who surged the sector during the month, only about a third were from Haiti, according to other internal data viewed by Axios.

Another third were Venezuelan, but their home country was not as willing as Haiti to accept multiple deportation flights a day.

However, 69% of the 21,000 people who arrived Sept. 9-24 were Haitian, a DHS official told Axios.

Over the past week, border crossers from farther-away countries outpaced those from Mexico or the Northern Triangle nations of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.

On Sunday alone, nearly 800 of these migrants from South America, Africa and other distant regions were released into the U.S.

What to watch: The administration is trying to address the issue, first by asking Mexico to ramp up enforcement. Mexico is already considering stricter requirements for entry for Venezuelans, as Reuters reported.

There also are plans to be more aggressive in detaining migrants from recalcitrant countries in the hope of deterring future migration.

And the U.S. is in discussions with Central American nations to find ways to send some migrants to them, according to two government immigration officials.

Biden's new border problem: Nations won't take back migrants

There has been an uptick in single adults coming to the border from uncooperative countries like Venezuela and Cuba.

A man tries to scale the border wall attempting to cross in to the U.S. from Mexico at the border 

A man tries to scale the border wall. Photo: Nick Ut/Getty Images

World

The White House clarified Thursday that negotiations are ongoing for payments to families who were separated at the border under the Trump administration.

The latest: The Wall Street Journal first reported that the Justice Department was in talks to pay $450,000 per person to settle lawsuits filed on behalf of the families affected. When asked about the payments this week, President Biden had said, "That's not going to happen." Deputy Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said Thursday his response was to the $450,000 figure and not the payments themselves.

What she's saying: "If it saves taxpayer dollars and puts the disastrous history of the previous administration’s use of zero tolerance and family separation behind this, the president is perfectly comfortable with the Department of Justice settling with the individuals and families who are currently in litigation with the US government," Jean said at a White House briefing.

"The DOJ made clear to the plaintiffs that the reported figures are higher than anywhere that a settlement can land."

Catch up quick: After Biden appeared to reject the payments on Wednesday, the executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union, which brought one of the lawsuits, said in a statement that if Biden "follows through on what he said, the president is abandoning a core campaign promise to do justice for the thousands of separated families."

"We respectfully remind President Biden that he called these actions ‘criminal’ in a debate with then-President Trump, and campaigned on remedying and rectifying the lawlessness of the Trump administration," Anthony Romero said. "We call on President Biden to right the wrongs of this national tragedy."

Between the lines: Romero also confirmed to Axios that the "DOJ communicated on Wednesday evening that the settlement numbers for separated families were higher than where the settlement could land. Parties continue to negotiate."

The DOJ declined to comment on the issue.

Payments to families separated at border still being negotiated, White House clarifies

"That's not going to happen," Biden had said when asked about the $450,000-per-person payments on Wednesday.

Biden administration

The Department of Homeland Security is issuing a memo Thursday announcing its intent to end the Trump-era "Remain in Mexico" policy, DHS officials told reporters on a call. 

Why it matters: The Biden administration is currently under a court order to reimplement the policy, which is formally known as Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP). The controversial program requires many migrants to remain in Mexico while their asylum claims are processed in U.S. courts. Human rights advocates have slammed MPP as inhumane.

Catch up quick: The Biden administration first tried to end the program in June, but a U.S. District Court judge in Texas ordered the administration to restart MPP in August, arguing the White House ended the program improperly. The ruling was upheld by the Supreme Court.

The government has said it will restart MPP on Nov. 15.

Driving the news: After a thorough review, DHS Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas has determined MPP "may very well have led to a reduction of irregular migration," but the humanitarian costs do not justify the program, one DHS official said.

The policy "diverts resources away from other key administration priorities, including long-standing efforts to address root causes of migration and other key initiatives that are designed to develop more sustainable, effective, effective and durable reforms to the asylum system," the official said.

Because of the legal battle involving MPP, however, it's unclear if or when the administration will be able to actually end the policy.

What to watch: The department plans to ask the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals to vacate the district judge's ruling or send the case to the lower court so the administration can ask the Texas judge to vacate it.

The 5th circuit court will hear oral arguments on Nov. 2.

In the meantime, the administration is following the district judge's order and working with Mexico to address concerns raised by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador's government.

Mexico's agreement to accept migrants again is contingent on the U.S. meeting certain conditions, including exemptions for vulnerable migrants.

The big picture: More than 70,000 migrants have been placed in MPP since early 2019.

Biden trying again to end "Remain in Mexico" policy

The administration is currently under a court order to reimplement the policy after making an attempt to end it in June.

Photo of a group of people wearing masks and carrying luggage in a line waiting on a bridge

Migrants at the Pasó del Norte International Bridge. Photo: Paul Ratje/AFP via Getty Images

Migrants

U.S. intelligence officials are privately bracing for a massive influx of more than 170,000 migrants at the Mexico border if COVID-era policies that allow instant expulsions during the public health emergency are ended, sources with direct knowledge of the discussions tell Axios.

The response under way includes a newly created — and previously unreported — Southwest Border Coordination Center (SBCC), essentially a war room to coordinate an interagency response.

Why it matters: Border officials have used Title 42 more than 1 million times to rapidly expel migrants at the southern border without hearing asylum claims. But the Trump-era order wasn't set up to be permanent, and senior Biden officials are preparing for its end as the virus is brought under control.

Department of Homeland Security intelligence estimates that perhaps 25,000 migrants already are waiting in Mexican shelters just south of the border for Title 42 to end. 

On Wednesday, DHS Deputy Secretary John Tien asked employees "to consider stepping forward to support the DHS Volunteer Force," citing large numbers of migrants at the southwest border, according to an email seen by Axios. The email seeks general support for U.S. Customs and Border Protection and help with data entry.

Sources spoke to Axios on condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive internal conversations.

What they’re saying: White House spokesperson Vedant Patel did not confirm or dispute specifics of Axios’ reporting but said in a statement, “Of course the Administration is doing our due diligence to prepare for potential changes at the border.“

"That is good government in action,” the statement said. “As always is the case this Administration is working every day to provide relief to immigrants, restore order, fairness, and humanity to our immigration system and bring it into the 21st century.” 

Behind the scenes: Internal discussions have raised alarms that human trafficking networks throughout Mexico and Central America will exploit the situation to "generate a mass migration event." 

Top Biden officials representing multiple agencies have been meeting to discuss a whole-of-government plan to deal with the potentially record-breaking spring influx of migrants.  DHS has branded it the Southwest Border Mass Irregular Migration Contingency Plan.

The plan is sweeping, reflecting how serious the Biden administration believes the situation could soon become, worsening a border surge that has troubled it from the beginning. 

Details: The SBCC will physically operate out of the DHS headquarters at St. Elizabeth's in the case of a border emergency and will be led by Border Patrol's Matthew Hudak, according to two sources familiar with the details.

Although SBCC members have not been finalized yet, DHS is asking for senior officials to support the center from relevant agencies such as the departments of State, Justice, Defense and Health and Human Services.

Meanwhile, DHS's modeling would trigger some extreme measures, many of which have been taken during past border surges such as in 2021 and 2019.

The department could surge hundreds or thousands of additional personnel from Customs and Border Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Transportation Security Administration, Citizenship and Immigration Services and medical personnel from the Department of Health and Human Services.

DHS could request aircraft from the U.S. Marshals Service to help transfer migrants to other areas of the border, and call on additional air and ground transportation from the Department of Defense.

Officials could also request dozens of buses from the Bureau of Prisons to transport migrants between DHS facilities.

And they anticipate having to expand and even build new soft-sided facilities that can shelter up to 2,000 migrants apiece.

Between the lines: Border resources are already strained with unusually high numbers of people attempting to cross every month for a year straight. 

Officials expect those numbers to climb even higher in coming months due both to seasonal trends and the expected end of Title 42.

The backstory: The CDC's Title 42 order, first issued under then-President Donald Trump in March of 2020, uses the pandemic as a reason for expelling migrants attempting to enter the U.S. — without the chance to seek asylum.

Despite outcry from progressive Democrats and immigration advocates, the Biden administration has continued to rely on the policy to turn back migrant families and single adults.

At the same time, the Biden administration has attempted to end Trump's "Remain in Mexico" policy, which forced migrants into dangerous situations by making them wait for asylum hearings in Mexico.

The government's seeming self-contradiction in simultaneously defending Title 42 — which has also forced migrants back to Mexico  — was raised in court by D.C. Circuit Judge Justin Walker in a unanimous decision blocking the U.S. from expelling migrant families to countries where they may face persecution or torture.

What to watch: Reuters recently reported that the administration is leaning toward ending Title 42 itself.

The CDC was recently forced by courts to again end the use of Title 42 for unaccompanied minors, and the order notes "CDC anticipates additional lifting of restrictions" as DHS becomes increasingly able to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in its facilities.

Scoop: Biden officials fear "mass migration event" if COVID policies end

Title 42 has been used to rapidly expel migrants at the southern border.

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